Fetal aorta wall inflammation in ultrasound-detected aortic intima/media thickness and growth retardation

Vasco, Vincenza Rita Lo; Salmaso, Roberto; Zanardo, Vincenzo; Businaro, Rita; Visentin, Silvia; Trevisanuto, Daniele; Cosmi, Erich

doi:10.1016/j.jri.2011.03.010

Cited by 23 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…An increase in the aortic pulsatility index could be indicative of an increased arterial stiffness that might be similar to major environmental risk factors such as hypertension in childhood and adult life. These results have been confirmed in twin pregnancies, in which aIMT was greater in twins with IUGR and Doppler abnormalities, irrespective of sex and chorionicity [33].…”

Section: Endothelial Dysfunction and Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 59%

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Application of Intima Media Thickness Measurement and Omics in Intrauterine Growth Restriction Disease

Cosmi¹

2014

Cardiol Pharmacol

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Intrauterine growth restriction is defined as a fetus with an estimated fetal weight less than 10th percentile for gestational age and cardiovascular changes, usually detected by means of Doppler ultrasonography. Noncommunicable diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases -CVD-and diabetes) still represent the main cause of mortality and morbidity in the industrialized world. Various studies support the hypothesis, formulated by Barker, that an adverse intrauterine environ-ment results in physiological adaptations of the fetus, maximizing its immediate chances for survival, but with detri-mental effects in adulthood. Low birth weight caused by IUGR was recently known to be associated with increased rates of CVD, non-insulin dependent diabetes in adult life, and neuromotor development alteration.The ultrasound-based measurement of fetal aorta intima media thickness (aIMT) represents an easy marker to investigate the pre-atherosclerotic changes.Omics research holds great promise for discoveries in nutrition research, including profiles and characteristics of dietary and body proteins; metabolism of nutrients; functions of nutrients and other dietary factors in growth, reproduction, and health. The proteome and metabolome analysis are expected to play an important role in understanding pathophysiological molecular mechanisms and in solving major nutrition-associated problems in humans, such as IUGR and cardiovascular disease.This review focuses the importance to identify a class of fetuses at risk of cardiovascular disease in utero, childhood and adult life, combining clinical and omics markers. It should be interesting to combine functional and structural information discovered to develop preventative and/or interventional therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Endothelial Dysfunction and Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Given the associations between aIMT and blood pressure (BP), as well as between birth size and offspring BP, the effects of prenatal factors on offspring BP may be partially explained by persistent aortic wall thickness in IUGR children [27,[31][32][33].…”

Section: Endothelial Dysfunction and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Intima Media Thickness Measurement and Omics in Intrauterine Growth Restriction Disease

Cosmi¹

2014

Cardiol Pharmacol

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“…[1][2][3]13 Using highresolution sonography to study aortic intima-media thickness, Skilton 14 reported that it was significantly greater in IUGR than AGA neonates and found this parameter an accurate, feasible, and sensitive marker of atherosclerosis risk. Since no confounding factors connected to childhood and adulthood were implicated, aortic intima-media thickness appeared to delineate fetal contributions to later cardiovascular disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We chose this measurement instead of the aortic intima-media thickness because a recent study by our group on fetal aortas sampled after intrauterine fetal death showed an increase in the aortic intima in stillborn IUGR fetuses. 3 All images were stored digitally for offline analysis. All measurements were performed during the same ultrasound scan.…”

Section: Sonographic Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Programming of Cardiovascular Risk in Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Twin Fetuses According to Aortic Intima Thickness

Visentin

Grisan

Zanardo

et al. 2013

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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Objectives We aimed to test the hypothesis that aortic intima thickness is greater in intrauterine growth‐restricted (IUGR) twin fetuses compared to normally developing twins, thus defining an increased cardiovascular risk that reflects genetic factors in fetuses sharing the same womb. Methods We conducted a prospective study performed on twins from January 2009 to July 2011. Twins were classified into 3 groups: IUGR fetuses with an estimated fetal weight below the 10th percentile and an umbilical artery pulsatility index of greater than 2 SDs (group A), fetuses with an estimated fetal weight below the 10th percentile and normal Doppler findings (group B), and fetuses with an estimated fetal weight appropriate for gestational age (group C). Aortic intima thickness was measured at a median gestational age of 32 weeks. Values were compared among groups and between each twin and cotwin, also considering sex and chorionicity. Results Twenty‐five fetuses were classified as group A, 36 as group B, and 95 as group C. The median aortic intima thickness values were 0.9 mm in group A, 0.7 mm in group B, and 0.6 mm in group C (P < .0001). There was a statistically significant difference between the aortic intima thickness of the twins and cotwins in groups A and B (P < .0001). Sex and chorionicity did not correlate with aortic intima thickness. Conclusions In this study, IUGR fetuses with Doppler abnormalities had greater aortic intima thickness, and IUGR twins with normal Doppler findings had intermediate thickness, supporting a genetic predisposition to cardiovascular risk independent of sex and chorionicity.

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“…Ventilation also increases early response markers of lung injury (EGR-1, CTGF, and CYR61), which are rapidly (within minutes to hours) increased in response to ventilation (26,61). Placental insufficiency and chronic growth restriction have been previously shown to increase inflammatory markers in the maternal (7) and fetal (9,33) circulations, and previous studies have linked fetal inflammation to worse respiratory outcomes (25,53,64). However, very few studies have investigated the inflammatory cascade in IUGR offspring following ventilation.…”

Section: Effect Of Iugr On Fetal Lung Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ventilation-induced lung injury is not exacerbated by growth restriction in preterm lambs

Allison

Hooper

Coia

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth are frequent comorbidities and, combined, increase the risk of adverse respiratory outcomes compared with that in appropriately grown (AG) infants. Potential underlying reasons for this increased respiratory morbidity in IUGR infants compared with AG infants include altered fetal lung development, fetal lung inflammation, increased respiratory requirements, and/or increased ventilation-induced lung injury. IUGR was surgically induced in preterm fetal sheep (0.7 gestation) by ligation of a single umbilical artery. Four weeks later, preterm lambs were euthanized at delivery or delivered and ventilated for 2 h before euthanasia. Ventilator requirements, lung inflammation, early markers of lung injury, and morphological changes in lung parenchymal and vascular structure and surfactant composition were analyzed. IUGR preterm lambs weighed 30% less than AG preterm lambs, with increased brain-to-body weight ratio, indicating brain sparing. IUGR did not induce lung inflammation or injury or alter lung parenchymal and vascular structure compared with AG fetuses. IUGR and AG lambs had similar oxygenation and respiratory requirements after birth and had significant, but similar, increases in proinflammatory cytokine expression, lung injury markers, gene expression, and surfactant phosphatidylcholine species compared with unventilated controls. IUGR does not induce pulmonary structural changes in our model. Furthermore, IUGR and AG preterm lambs have similar ventilator requirements in the immediate postnatal period. This study suggests that increased morbidity and mortality in IUGR infants is not due to altered lung tissue or vascular structure, or to an altered response to early ventilation.

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Fetal aorta wall inflammation in ultrasound-detected aortic intima/media thickness and growth retardation

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

Application of Intima Media Thickness Measurement and Omics in Intrauterine Growth Restriction Disease

Application of Intima Media Thickness Measurement and Omics in Intrauterine Growth Restriction Disease

Developmental Programming of Cardiovascular Risk in Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Twin Fetuses According to Aortic Intima Thickness

Ventilation-induced lung injury is not exacerbated by growth restriction in preterm lambs

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