Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Recent Neuroimaging Findings

Moore, Eileen M.; Migliorini, Robyn; Infante, M. Alejandra; Riley, Edward P.

doi:10.1007/s40474-014-0020-8

Cited by 93 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…For individuals with a history of PAE, considerable effort has been devoted to understanding the neural bases of the learning and behavioral deficits seen in these children with considerable evidence supporting the adverse impact on the size, cytoarchitecture, function, and connectivity of the brain (Ashwell et al, 1996, Coles et al, 2011, Lebel et al, 2011, Moore et al, 2014, Wilhelm et al, 2015). The results of this study indicated that utilization of oxygen in the PFC to modulate arousal was altered as a function of PAE, which may indicate damage to neural tissue of the PFC or disruption to the connectivty of the neural tissue in this area resulting in disruption to oxygen utilization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prefrontal cortical responses in children with prenatal alcohol-related neurodevelopmental impairment: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Kable

Coles

2017

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective Disruption in the neural activation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in modulating arousal was explored in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), who have known neurobehavioral impairment. Methods During a task that elicits frustration, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure PFC activation, specifically levels of oxygenated (HBO) and deoxygenated (HBR) hemoglobin, in children with PAE (n=18) relative to typically developing Controls (n=12) and a Clinical Contrast group with other neurodevelopmental or behavioral problems (n=14). Results Children with PAE had less activation during conditions with positive emotional arousal, as indicated by lower levels of HBO in the medial areas of the PFC and higher levels of HBR in all areas of the PFC sampled relative to both other groups. Children in the Control group demonstrated greater differentiation of PFC activity than did children with PAE. Children in the Clinical Contrast group demonstrated the greatest differences in PFC activity between valences of task conditions. Conclusions: Specific patterns of PFC activation differentiated children with PAE from typically developing children and children with other clinical problems. Significance FNIRS assessments of PFC activity provide new insights regarding the mechanisms of commonly seen neurobehavioral dysfunction in children with PAE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prefrontal cortical responses in children with prenatal alcohol-related neurodevelopmental impairment: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Kable

Coles

2017

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…The majority of fMRI studies in FASD have focused on the detection of brain activation associated with different cognitive functions (for review, see Moore, Migliorini, Infante, & Riley, 2014). Building on this technique, examining task-based functional connectivity may be an important step towards understanding local changes in brain activity during performance of a task by exploring the neural network in which information is shared and integrated in response to different cognitive processes (Ernst, Torrisi, Balderston, Grillon, & Hale, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered functional connectivity during spatial working memory in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure

Infante

Moore

Bischoff‐Grethe

et al. 2017

Alcohol

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Individuals prenatally exposed to alcohol often have impaired spatial working memory (SWM). This study examines functional connections of frontal and parietal regions that support SWM in children with and without prenatal alcohol exposure. Children ages 10 to 16 with histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure (AE group; n = 18) and controls (CON group; n = 19) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a SWM task. Whole brain task-related functional connectivity of bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) seed regions were estimated for each participant using a psychophysiological interaction approach. Children in the AE group were less accurate than children in the CON group when performing the SWM task (p = .008). Positive coupling between bilateral DLPFC seeds and regions within the fronto-parietal network was observed in the CON group, whereas the AE group showed negative connectivity. In contrast to the CON group, the AE group showed positive connectivity between PPC seeds and frontal lobe regions. Across seeds, decreased negative coupling with regions outside the fronto-parietal network (e.g., left middle occipital gyrus) were observed in the AE group relative to the CON group. Functional data clusters were considered significant at p < .05. Overall findings suggest that localized alterations in neural activity, aberrant fronto-parietal network synchrony, and poor coordination of neural responses with regions outside of this network may help explain SWM deficits in individuals with a history of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure.

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“…Extensive research data support the presence of changes to both structural and functional integrity of the brain [18,19] in individuals with PAE. Consistent with the extensive data on the mechanisms of alcohol as a potent neurobehavioral teratogen [20], these alterations can result in a range of neurodevelopmental outcomes with wide individual variation.…”

Section: Diagnostic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 90%

Neurobehavioral Disorder Associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (ND-PAE): Proposed DSM-5 Diagnosis

Kable

O’Connor

Olson

et al. 2015

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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101

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Over the past 40 years, a significant body of animal and human research has documented the teratogenic effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Neurobehavioral Disorder associated with PAE is proposed as a new clarifying term, intended to encompass the neurodevelopmental and mental health symptoms associated with PAE. Defining this disorder is a necessary step to adequately characterize these symptoms and allow clinical assessment not possible using existing physically-based diagnostic schemes. Without appropriate diagnostic guidelines, affected individuals are frequently misdiagnosed and treated inappropriately (often to their considerable detriment) by mental health, educational, and criminal justice systems. Three core areas of deficits identified from the available research, including neurocognitive, self-regulation, and adaptive functioning impairments, are discussed and information regarding associated features and disorders, prevalence, course, familial patterns, differential diagnosis, and treatment of the proposed disorder are also provided.

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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Recent Neuroimaging Findings

Cited by 93 publications

References 76 publications

Prefrontal cortical responses in children with prenatal alcohol-related neurodevelopmental impairment: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Prefrontal cortical responses in children with prenatal alcohol-related neurodevelopmental impairment: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Altered functional connectivity during spatial working memory in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure

Neurobehavioral Disorder Associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (ND-PAE): Proposed DSM-5 Diagnosis

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