Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in pediatrics. FASD and the pediatrician

Carito, Valentina; Parlapiano, Giovanni; Rasio, Debora; Paparella, Roberto; Paolucci, Valentina; Ferraguti, Giampiero; Greco, Antonio; Ralli, Massimo; Pichini, Simona; Fiore, M.; Coriale, Giovanna; Ceccanti, Marco; Tarani, Luigi

doi:10.14748/bmr.v29.5847

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Acetaldehyde is a compound highly unstable and quickly forms free radicals that are highly toxic if not extinguished by antioxidants [13,14]. In the fetus, these free radicals can damage embryonic neural crest cells and can lead to severe birth defects, mental retardation and physical abnormalities in the newborns (Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, FASD) [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress inhibition by resveratrol in alcohol-dependent mice

et al. 2020

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This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress inhibition by resveratrol in alcohol-dependent mice

et al. 2020

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“…Some measures (TCD, OFD, CCD, and FTD) were selected as markers of brain development known to be related to FASD‐induced changes . An additional measure was selected for its potential correlation with known facial features of FASD, the orbital diameter .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetus morphology changes by second‐trimester ultrasound in pregnant women drinking alcohol

et al. 2019

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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of negative conditions occurring in children exposed to alcohol during gestation. The early discovery of FASD is crucial for mother and infant follow-ups. In this study, we investigated in pregnant women the association between urine ethylglucuronide (EtG-a biomarker of alcohol drinking) and indicators of the physical characteristics of FASD by prenatal ultrasound in the second trimester of gestation. We also correlated these data with the AUDIT-C, T-ACE/TACER-3, TWEAK, and food habit diary, screening questionnaires used to disclose alcohol drinking during pregnancy. Forty-four pregnant women were randomly enrolled and examined for ultrasound investigation during the second trimester of gestation. Urine samples were provided by pregnant women immediately after the routine interviews. EtG determinations were performed with a cutoff established at 100 ng/mL, a value indicating occasional alcohol drinking. Fifteen of the enrolled pregnant women overcame the EtG cutoff (34.09%). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the fetuses of the positive EtG pregnant women had significantly longer interorbital distance and also significantly increased frontothalamic distance (P's < 0.02). Quite interestingly, no direct correlation was found between EtG data and both food diary and AUDIT-C. However, a significant correlation was observed between urinary EtG and T-ACE (r = 0.375; P = 0.012) and between urinary EtG and TWEAK (r = 0.512; P < 0.001) and a concordance with all questionnaire for EtG values higher than 500 ng/mL. This study provides clinical evidence that the diagnosis of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy by urine EtG may disclose FASD-related damage in the fetus.

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“…FAS is the main cause of mental retardation in the world but is also the foremost preventable cause of neurobehavioral and developmental abnormalities [ 212 ]. FAS can be suspected in neonatal age by the presence of microcephaly and typical facial dysmorphism [ 213 , 214 ]; during childhood, beyond the signs already described, psychomotor retardation, behavioral disorders, attention and concentration problems can be detected [ 214 ]; during adolescence, in addition to the previous signs behavioral, scholastic and social problems can be added [ 214 ]. Even though FASD is a frequent cause of disability, the exact incidence and prevalence of FASD in the world are not clear.…”

Section: Ngf and Chronic Alcohol Consumption In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though FASD is a frequent cause of disability, the exact incidence and prevalence of FASD in the world are not clear. This underestimation of the problem leads to an incorrect diagnosis and doesn’t help the possible rehabilitation of many children with mental retardation [ 214 ]. Paternal alcohol consumption may also induce changes in the newborns, as shown in humans and in animal models [ 215 , 216 ].…”

Section: Ngf and Chronic Alcohol Consumption In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nerve Growth Factor in Alcohol Use Disorders

Ceci

Ferraguti

Petrella

et al. 2020

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: The nerve growth factor (NGF) belongs to the family of neurotrophic factors. Initially discovered as a signaling molecule involved in the survival, protection, differentiation and proliferation of sympathetic and peripheral sensory neurons, it also participates in the regulation of the immune system and endocrine system. NGF biological activity is due to the binding of two classes of receptors: the tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA), and the low-affinity NGF pan-neurotrophin receptor p75. Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) are one of the most frequent mental disorders in developed countries, characterized by heavy drinking, despite the negative effects of alcohol on brain development and cognitive functions that cause individual’s work, medical, legal, educational and social life problems. In addition, alcohol consumption during pregnancy disrupts the development of the fetal brain causing a wide range of neurobehavioral outcomes collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The rationale of this review is to describe crucial findings on the role of NGF in humans and animals when exposed to prenatal, chronic alcohol consumption and also on binge drinking.

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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in pediatrics. FASD and the pediatrician

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Oxidative stress inhibition by resveratrol in alcohol-dependent mice

Oxidative stress inhibition by resveratrol in alcohol-dependent mice

Fetus morphology changes by second‐trimester ultrasound in pregnant women drinking alcohol

Nerve Growth Factor in Alcohol Use Disorders

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