FET-biosensor for cardiac troponin biomarker

Abstract

Abstract. Acute myocardial infarction or myocardial infarction (MI) is a major health problem, due to diminished flow of blood to the heart, leads to higher rates of mortality and morbidity. The most specific markers for cardiac injury are cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) which have been considered as 'gold standard'. Due to higher specificity, determination of the level of cardiac troponins became a predominant indicator for MI. Currently, field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors have been main interest to be implemented in portable sensors with the ultimate application in point-of-care testing (POCT). In this paper, we review on the FET-based biosensor based on its principle of operation, integration with nanomaterial, surface functionalization as well as immobilization, and the introduction of additional gate (for ambipolar conduction) on the device architecture for the detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) biomarker.

Synthesis of a β-Arylethenesulfonyl Fluoride-Functionalized AIEgen for Activity-Based Urinary Trypsin Detection

“…18−21 However, these fluorescence-based methods rely on noncovalent interactions that can be affected by reaction medium, ionic strength, surface morphology, and protein foldedness so may introduce large variation among experiments and thus have a relatively low reliability. 22,23 Surprisingly, the use of covalent probes for the in situ formation of a sensing system for the detection of trypsin activity has not been reported. β-Arylethenesulfonyl fluorides, with two selectively addressable electrophilic sites, have excellent compatibility as clickable functionalities and have been widely applied in chemical biology, 24 medicinal chemistry, 25 and polymer chemistry.…”

“…However, the techniques often required prelabeled molecular beacons or peptides, which can be time consuming, costly, and difficult to synthesize . To address this deficiency, researchers have developed several self-assembling methodologies by integrating different substrates with signal enhancing reported through noncovalent interactions, including a series of aggregation induced emission luminogens (AIEgens). , These strategies generally offer the additional advantages of a broad concentration range and a high signal-to-noise ratio. − However, these fluorescence-based methods rely on noncovalent interactions that can be affected by reaction medium, ionic strength, surface morphology, and protein foldedness so may introduce large variation among experiments and thus have a relatively low reliability. , Surprisingly, the use of covalent probes for the in situ formation of a sensing system for the detection of trypsin activity has not been reported.…”

Polysilicon Field Effect Transistor Biosensor for the Detection of Cardiac Troponin-I (cTnI)

“…This is because these are cost-effective, easy to operate and convenient as compared to the conventional laboratory tests. 7,8 Generally, a biosensor is a point-of-care device which senses the target analyte on its surface with limited amount of biological sample (Blood/Urine/Saliva etc.) expressing high accuracy of signal output (cTnI) present in it.…”