Ferulic acid combined with astragaloside IV protects against vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats

Astragaloside IV Improves Vasodilatation Function by Regulating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS Signaling Pathway in Rat Aorta Endothelial Cells

“…The membrane was incubated with secondary antibodies and visualized with enhanced chemiluminescence. The exposure images were captured and analyzed by software (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) [35,36].…”

Shenqi detoxification granule combined with P311 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal fibrosis <i>via</i> TGF-β1-Smad-ILK pathway

“…To analyze the protein expression of α-SMA, pSmad2/3, and Smad7, immunohistochemistry staining assays were performed as described previously (26). First, paraffin sections were de-paraffinized, hydrated, and immersed in 0.3% hydrogen peroxide in methanol for 30 min to block the endogenous peroxidase activity.…”

“…Briefly, after induction of general anesthesia by intraperitoneal injection of 3% pentobarbital (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) (1 mL/kg body wt), the abdominal cavity was exposed via midline incision and the left Paraffin blocks were cut into 2 μm slices, mounted onto glass slides and stained using standard techniques of HE staining and Masson staining according to previous studies (26). Renal tubular injury index including inflammatory, cell infiltration, interstitial fibrosis, interstitial edema, cell vacuolar degeneration, tubular atrophy, and tubular expansion was measured to assess renal interstitial lesions.…”

Adenovirus-mediated P311 inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in NRK-52E cells <i>via</i> TGF-β1-Smad-ILK pathway

“…After culturing with TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL) for 48h, total cell lysates and cytosolic fractions were prepared as previously described (21). Thirty micrograms of total cellular proteins were resolved using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) and transferred onto polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) transfer membranes for Western blotting.…”

“…The mRNA expression of P311 was detected by quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay (21). The primers for the P311 and GAPDH are shown as follows: P311: forward 5'-AACAAGGACATGGAGGGAAGG-3' and reverse 5'-TAACTGATTCTTGGGGAGCGG-3'; GAPDH: forward 5'-GGCTCATGACCACAGTCCAT-3' and reverse 5'-TCAGCTCTGGGATGACCTTG-3'.…”