Ferulic Acid, A Potential Antithrombotic Drug

Abstract

Coagulation abnormalities are critical diseases that threaten the survival of patients. Ferulic acid can regulate the blood coagulation function in two aspects. This paper reviews and discusses the reported mechanisms of the antithrombotic activities of ferulic acid. Previous studies suggested that ferulic acid played a role in antithrombosis by inhibiting platelet aggregation and protecting the endotheliocyte. Meanwhile, ferulic acid has fewer side effects on the platelet, leukocytosis and gastrointestinal tract, because it can promote the formation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and protect the intestinal cells from injury. Therefore, ferulic acid is a potential protector from thrombotic diseases, such as cardiovascular dysfunction, pulmonary thromboembolism and deep vein thrombosis.

Postulated Adjuvant Therapeutic Strategies for COVID-19

“…Ferulic acid also has an antithrombotic effect and some studies have suggested its role in thrombotic diseases, such as cardiovascular dysfunction, pulmonary thromboembolism and deep vein thrombosis. It can regulate the blood coagulation function in two aspects: inhibiting platelet aggregation and protecting endotheliocyte [ 161 ]. Finally, one tetracyclic alkaloid of Uncaria tomentosa could have an effect on thrombosis, as it has been reported as a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and venous thrombosis [ 111 ].…”

Development of a Novel Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Carbon Nanofibers–Gold Nanoparticles–Tyrosinase for the Detection of Ferulic Acid in Cosmetics

“…[ 1 , 2 ]. FA is known as an antiaging [ 3 ], anti-inflammatory [ 4 ], antithrombotic [ 5 ], antidiabetic [ 6 ], antiulcerigen [ 7 ], antihemolitic [ 8 ], antiviral [ 9 ] and even anti-carcinogenic agent [ 10 ]. Due to the antibacterial effect, it may also be used in certain implants [ 11 ].…”

Novel assays for quality evaluation of XueBiJing: Quality variability of a Chinese herbal injection for sepsis management

“…In addition, the 20 XueBiJing constituents newly detected in this investigation were negligible or not detected in plasma samples (after dosing the injection; the samples obtained in our prior human pharmacokinetic study). Therefore, the XueBiJing constituents, i.e., hydroxysafflor yellow A, paeoniflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide G, ferulic acid, tanshinol, and protocatechuic aldehyde, were considered to have high levels of bioavailability, either in the unchanged or metabolized form ( Table 1 ) [ [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [77] ].…”

“… [ 65 ] Senkyunolide G (Chuanxiong/Danggui) 0.5 1.7 2.3 Selectively and extensively bound to plasma albumin and likely to be a pharmacokinetic marker indicating decreased plasma albumin level in patients with sepsis [ 31 ] Ferulic acid (Chuanxiong/Danggui) 0.12 0.1 0.7 Anti-inflammatory LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells 50 μM [ 66 ] Antioxidant CLP-induced rat sepsis model 100 mg/kg; i.p. [ 67 ] Endothelium protection 60 Co gamma radiation-injured HUVECs 125 nM [ 68 ] Streptozotocin-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction rat model 50 mg/kg; i.p. [ 69 ] Anticoagulant Thrombin-induced acute thromboembolism mouse model 10 mg/kg; i.v.…”

“…For the assays to be therapeutically relevant, the medicine's efficacy, as well as the adverse effects and/or drug interaction potential (if any), should be appropriately defined. As shown in Table 5 , we proposed criteria for defining the efficacy of a Chinese herbal medicine and summarized antisepsis efficacy of XueBiJing based on previous studies [ [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [77] , [82] , [83] , [84] , [85] , [86] , [87] , [88] , [89] , [90] , [91] , [92] , [93] ]. XueBiJing is a herbal medicine with well-defined efficacy of antisepsis, particularly its efficacy demonstrated by a well-designed and effectively executed multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical investigation, which found that combining XueBiJing with the conventional treatment reduced 28-day mortality in septic patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia [ 12 ].…”