Fertilizers and Their Contaminants in Soils, Surface and Groundwater

Khan, Md. Raisuddin; Mobin, Mohammad; Abbas, Zahid Khorshid; Alamri, Saud

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809665-9.09888-8

Cited by 160 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…The current average fertilizer usage is around 165.12 Kg/Hectare and it is estimated that about 50% of this is taken-up by the crops. This leads to the rest 50% getting washed away and ending up in the immediate water bodies, thus enriching them with high amounts of nutrients (Khan et al, 2018). This is a plausible explanation for the rise in contamination that is observed in NS over the years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The area of most of the land use classes remained nearly same except for agriculture land use which increased from 23% to 31% of total watershed from 2005 to 2015 and in 2013 it nearly occupied half of the watershed area. This increase in the agriculture area could have a direct effect on the nutrient concentrations entering into NS, especially during and after monsoon season when large amounts of excess organic and inorganic nutrient rich fertilizers, which are used for cropping purposes, are transported into the water body along with other organic matter (Khan et al, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Excessive Fertilizer Usage Drives Agriculture Growth but Depletes Water Quality

Kondraju

Rajan

2019

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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By 2050 most parts of India will be water stressed zones as most of the water resources are under heavy stress due to increasing nutrient contamination in their waters. In this scenario, studying the changes occurring in the freshwater nutrient contamination levels over a temporal scale is extremely important. This study focuses on monitoring the changes occurring in the nutrient contamination levels over a decade in a large reservoir known as Nagarjuna Sagar (NS) using remote sensing data. In this study, Landsat (5 & 8) data for the year 2005year , 2009year , 2015 data for the years 2016 and 2018 is used to study nutrient contamination in NS. The spatial spread of chlorophyll -a (chl-a) area is used as a proxy to estimate the extent of nutrient contamination in NS. In this study, only October images of NS are used as they exhibit the maximum spatial spread of Chl-a and hence help assess the contamination levels over the period 2005 -2018. The analysis shows that during this period, chl-a spatial spread area has increased from 21 Km 2 to 205 Km 2 , indicating a decrease in water quality in the reservoir. The study shows that this is accompanied by an increase in the agricultural land use area by 1000 Km 2 in addition to a steep increase in the use of agricultural inputs, primarily fertilisers like urea, P and K. Thus, while the combined effect of excessive usage of fertilizers with agricultural intensification has increased crop yields, it has also contributed to damaging the freshwater resources.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excessive Fertilizer Usage Drives Agriculture Growth but Depletes Water Quality

Kondraju

Rajan

2019

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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show abstract

“…11 Water pollution happens mostly due to inorganic and organic contaminants, such as nutrients, heavy metals and insistent organic contaminants. 12 For the modelling and optimization of contaminants elimination, artificial intelligence has been applied as a major tool in the empirical plan that can produce the optimal useful inconstant, since artificial intelligence has lately obtained a enormous progress. 13…”

Section: The Aims Of Artificial Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental investigation on recycling the treated sewage to feed the groundwater, Iran

Eslamian¹,

Pasar²,

Majidifar³

et al. 2018

OAJMTP

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Domestic, industrial and agricultural sewage contaminates the limited groundwater reservoirs, and makes water extraction more cumbersome in numerous parts of Iran. Impurity was affected by effluent depletion wealthy in ammonia. The alteration in ammonia condensation was mostly governed by the immigration of the contamination plume under nitrification in groundwater. The nitrification level was presumably traced by alters in dissolved oxygen and potentially manganese. Nitrogen pollution of natural water is a typical obstacle for diverse lands throughout the universe. Computer simulation and ground perceptions demonstrate the detracting situations organized under joint effects of anthropogenic items and suitable natural conditions, such as the low-level topography in which reduced water exchange rate can happen. In European Union countries, exposure sewage mud on agricultural terrains is surrounded by guidance. It was established that solitary usage of waste-water mud was useful for extension of herbage cover. Waste-water mud from food industry prepared herbage nutrients effectively used by the herbs. Therefore, the consequences of the experiences displayed that the imperceptible extrication of macronutrients from waste water mud was fully applied by herbages to stimulate their formation and extension. The rapid growth of proactive industries in this country, which is by and large due to ignorance towards the adequate water sources, has augmented the complications and has overshadowed the underground water in plains. Refined water (treated wastewater) can possibly help preserve the subterranean water since overtreatment ensures decent sewage management. Natural filtration under the ground eliminates the need for costly advanced treating procedures. Furthermore, aquifers provide a natural mechanism to transport the treated subterranean water and eliminate the surface storage and its problems, such as evaporation and algal growth. Supplementing water into a geological formation through various methods and equipment is called "Artificial Feeding". This study deals with the strategies, challenges, and the mechanisms to remove the soil pollutants.

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“…However, discharge of effluents from industries, sewage, agriculture runoff, and construction sites contains a variety of pollutants including toxic metals, detergents, grease, oil, pesticides, nutrients, suspended particles (Kassem, 1999 [1]), which leads to considerable modifications in the quality of coastal waters (Schulz et al, 1994 [2]; Diez et al, 2019 [3]; Eljaiek-Urzola et al, 2019 [4]). Accumulation of nutrients especially N and P in the marine ecosystem supports algal expansion that results in algal blooms (Khan et al, 2013 [5], 2018 [6]). The presence of these algae on the upper surface prevents the penetration of sunlight which affects marine life at lower surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Response of Red and Green Algae to the Quality of Coastal Water of Red Sea, Haql, Saudi Arabia

Solami¹

2020

JEP

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Aquatic plants are always exposed to various types of stresses and the marine algae have been considered as useful bioindicators for detecting different kinds of environmental alterations. Present investigation was carried out to test the comparative response of red algae (Gracilaria salicornia and Digenea simplex) and green algae (Enteromorpha compressa and Sargassum muticum) to the contaminants present in their surrounding growth medium. The results of the study show that the studied macroalgae responded differently in terms of physiological and biochemical parameters. Green algae exhibited higher concentration of Chl a, b, total chlorophyll content and Chl a:b ratio and carbohydrates content. Whereas, red algae showed higher content of carotenoids, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin and protein content. Moreover, red algae G. salicornia and D. simplex showed lower level of hydrogen peroxide content and TBARS and higher values of proline and glycine betaine content and activities of antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase than the green algae. Taking all these together, it can be concluded that red algae possess strong defense system than the green algae. Among the studied species, red algae G. salicornia was found best in having a stronger defense system.

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Fertilizers and Their Contaminants in Soils, Surface and Groundwater

Cited by 160 publications

References 177 publications

Excessive Fertilizer Usage Drives Agriculture Growth but Depletes Water Quality

Excessive Fertilizer Usage Drives Agriculture Growth but Depletes Water Quality

Environmental investigation on recycling the treated sewage to feed the groundwater, Iran

Comparative Response of Red and Green Algae to the Quality of Coastal Water of Red Sea, Haql, Saudi Arabia

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