Fertilizer Evaluation of Certain Phosphorus, Phosphorous, and Phosphoric Materials by Means of Pot Cultures<sup>1</sup>

Macintire, W. H.; Winterberg, S. H.; Hardin, L. J.; Sterges, A. J.; Clements, L. B.

doi:10.2134/agronj1950.00021962004200110004x

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Despite all these biochemical adaptations, there are no data demonstrating that plants can convert Phi to Pi (MacIntire et al, 1950;Guest and Grant, 1991). 31 P NMR studies provided evidence that Phi could not be converted to other Pi-containing compounds in plants, indicating that Phi is unable to serve as a substrate for Pi-dependent enzymes (Carswell et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite having similar structure and mobility, the published data indicate that Phi is a non-metabolizable form of Pi and plants cannot use this as the sole source of P (Sukarno et al, 1993;Carswell et al, 1996;Forster et al, 1998). One of the distinct differences between Pi and Phi is that Pi can be assimilated into organic P compounds within minutes of uptake, whereas plants lack the ability to assimilate Phi (MacIntire et al, 1950;Guest and Grant, 1991). Furthermore, enzymes that catalyze the transfer of Pi groups can discriminate between Pi and Phi (Guest and Grant, 1991).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phosphite, an Analog of Phosphate, Suppresses the Coordinated Expression of Genes under Phosphate Starvation

et al. 2002

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Phosphate (Pi) and its analog phosphite (Phi) are acquired by plants via Pi transporters. Although the uptake and mobility of Phi and Pi are similar, there is no evidence suggesting that plants can utilize Phi as a sole source of phosphorus. Phi is also known to interfere with many of the Pi starvation responses in plants and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). In this study, effects of Phi on plant growth and coordinated expression of genes induced by Pi starvation were analyzed. Phi suppressed many of the Pi starvation responses that are commonly observed in plants. Enhanced root growth and root to shoot ratio, a hallmark of Pi stress response, was strongly inhibited by Phi. The negative effects of Phi were not obvious in plants supplemented with Pi. The expression of Pi starvation-induced genes such as LePT1, LePT2, AtPT1, and AtPT2 (high-affinity Pi transporters); LePS2 (a novel acid phosphatase); LePS3 and TPSI1 (novel genes); and PAP1 (purple acid phosphatase) was suppressed by Phi in plants and cell cultures. Expression of luciferase reporter gene driven by the Pi starvation-induced AtPT2 promoter was also suppressed by Phi. These analyses showed that suppression of Pi starvation-induced genes is an early response to addition of Phi. These data also provide evidence that Phi interferes with gene expression at the level of transcription. Synchronized suppression of multiple Pi starvation-induced genes by Phi points to its action on the early molecular events, probably signal transduction, in Pi starvation response.Phosphate (Pi) is one of the major plant nutrients that influences virtually all the biochemical processes and developmental phases of plants. In the absence of Pi, plants exhibit characteristic deficiency symptoms including anthocyanin accumulation, enhanced root growth, and increased root to shoot ratio. The ability of plants to acquire Pi also increases during this period. Molecular dissection of responses to Pi starvation has provided evidence for coordinated expression of genes, including Pi transporters (Raghothama, , 2000. Pi transporters are involved in acquiring Pi against the concentration gradient by an energy-mediated proton cotransport mechanism (Ullrich-Eberius et al., 1981). They are also known to transport ions such as arsenate, vanadate, and phosphite (Phi; Guest and Grant, 1991;Marschner, 1995).Phi (HPO 3 2Ϫ ), also referred to as phosphorous acid or phosphonate, is an isostere of the Pi anion in which one of the oxygens bound to the P atom is replaced by hydrogen. The term Phi is used here to describe the alkali metal salts of phosphorous acid as suggested by Carswell et al. (1996). Phi is used extensively as a fungicide and also sold as a superior source of Pi (Guest and Grant, 1991;Rickard, 2000; McDonald et al., 2001a). Phi is rapidly absorbed and translocated within the plant (Guest and Grant, 1991). The uptake is pH dependent and subject to competition by Pi (Ouimette and Coffey, 1990). Furthermore, mobility of Phi in both xylem and phloem is similar to that of Pi (Ouimette...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Phosphite, an Analog of Phosphate, Suppresses the Coordinated Expression of Genes under Phosphate Starvation

et al. 2002

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“…When applied to crops on soil with sufficient OP availability, Phi may act as a fungicide that prevents negative effects of even minor infections by Oomycetes, such as Pythophthora (Förster et al, 1998). Plants cultivated under low P status conditions where Phi has been applied, however, can grow more poorly even when only a small fraction of total P is supplemented with Phi (Avila et al, 2011; MacIntire et al, 1950). This is likely due to attenuation of the plant's P starvation response systems, such as release of enzymes to metabolize exogenous nucleic acids and alterations of root morphology, that would normally attempt to correct low internal P status.…”

Section: Alternative Phosphorus Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because weeds cannot use the applied Phi, control is enhanced as crop canopy develops through increased shading, further bolstering crop competitiveness (Pandeya et al, 2018). One concern of soil applying Phi is that repeated use could lead to a buildup of OP over time as soil microorganisms oxidize the reduced P species (López‐Arredondo and Herrera‐Estrella, 2012; MacIntire et al, 1950). The impact of this on the efficacy of the transgenic approach is uncertain at this time and likely to be a function, at least in part, of inherent soil properties (MacIntire et al, 1950).…”

Section: Alternative Phosphorus Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Latest in Phosphorus Fertilizer Technology: Possibilities and Pragmatism

Weeks

Hettiarachchi

2019

J of Env Quality

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The development of highly concentrated phosphorus (P) fertilizers, such as triple superphosphate, by the Tennessee Valley Authority helped mark the beginning of a revolution in the way we manage food crop nutrition. Since then, scientists, with the help of farmers, have made great advancements in the understanding of P fate and transport across many environments but largely have failed to produce a new generation of products and/or application techniques that are widely accepted and that vastly improve plant acquisition efficiency. Under certain conditions, important advancements have been made. For example, applying liquid formulations of phosphates in lieu of dry granules in some highly calcareous soils has dramatically reduced precipitation as sparingly soluble calcium phosphate minerals, but other attempts, such as the co‐application of humic substances, sorption to layered double hydroxides, or use of nanoparticles, have not generated the kind of results necessary to continue economically increasing crop yields without further environmental cost. New sources of fertility will need to be affordable to produce, transport, and furnish P to soil solution in a manner well synchronized with crop demand. This paper provides a review of recent literature on cutting‐edge phosphorus fertilizer technology. The goal is that this synthesis will be used as a starting point from which a larger discussion on responsible nutrient management and increased P use efficiency research can be built. Core Ideas Reaction with some soil constituents limits P availability and crop yield. A variety of approaches to improve fertilizer use efficiency are being explored. Ideally, P availability should be well synchronized to crop demand. More innovation along with mechanistic and field‐scale trials is required.

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“…Some of the compounds proved to be good sources of nutri ent phosphorus and nitrogen. Other workers, Allison (1) and Maclntire and co-workers (20), found in pot tests that the phosphorus nitrides had practically no plant-food value. They concluded that to be effective as fertilizers, phosphorus nitrides must be converted to other compounds of nitrogen and phosporus.…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthesis of phosphorus nitride related high analysis fertilizers

Hong

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This study was concerned with the synthesis of phosphorus nitride compounds and their related high analysis fertilizers from phosphorus sulfides and ammonia. The possible use of these compounds as fertilizer materials was discussed. The hydrolysis of phosphorus nitrides in the production of ammonium phosphate was investigated. Some analytical proce dures for the determination of phosphorus and nitrogen in the phosphorus nitrides and their related compounds were modified and improved.

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Fertilizer Evaluation of Certain Phosphorus, Phosphorous, and Phosphoric Materials by Means of Pot Cultures¹

Cited by 46 publications

References 1 publication

Phosphite, an Analog of Phosphate, Suppresses the Coordinated Expression of Genes under Phosphate Starvation

Phosphite, an Analog of Phosphate, Suppresses the Coordinated Expression of Genes under Phosphate Starvation

A Review of the Latest in Phosphorus Fertilizer Technology: Possibilities and Pragmatism

Synthesis of phosphorus nitride related high analysis fertilizers

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Fertilizer Evaluation of Certain Phosphorus, Phosphorous, and Phosphoric Materials by Means of Pot Cultures1

Cited by 46 publications

References 1 publication

Phosphite, an Analog of Phosphate, Suppresses the Coordinated Expression of Genes under Phosphate Starvation

Phosphite, an Analog of Phosphate, Suppresses the Coordinated Expression of Genes under Phosphate Starvation

A Review of the Latest in Phosphorus Fertilizer Technology: Possibilities and Pragmatism

Synthesis of phosphorus nitride related high analysis fertilizers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Fertilizer Evaluation of Certain Phosphorus, Phosphorous, and Phosphoric Materials by Means of Pot Cultures¹