Fertilizer ammonium : nitrate ratios determine phosphorus uptake by young maize plants

Pedersen, Inge Bülow; Sørensen, Peter; Rasmussen, Jim; Withers, Paul J. A.; Rubæk, G. H.

doi:10.1002/jpln.201800553

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Roots, bulk soil and rhizosphere soil (defined as soil adhering to the roots) were separated according to Pedersen et al (2019) by sequential sieving of the soil with finer mesh sizes to 1 mm. The use of the 1 mm sieve aided in the removal of fine root fragments from the soil samples.…”

Section: Root and Soil Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased rhizodeposition, but increased microbial carbon stabilization with soil depth down to 3.6 m

Peixoto

Elsgaard

Rasmussen

et al. 2020

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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Despite the importance of subsoil carbon (C) deposition by deep-rooted crops in mitigating climate change and maintaining soil health, the quantification of root C input and its microbial utilization and stabilization below 1 m depth remains unexplored. We studied C input by three perennial deep-rooted plants (lucerne, kernza, and rosinweed) grown in a unique 4-m deep RootTower facility. 13 C multiple pulse labeling was applied to trace C flows in roots, rhizodeposition, and soil as well as 13 C incorporation into microbial groups by phospholipid fatty acids and the long-term stabilization of microbial residues by amino sugars. The ratio of rhizodeposited 13 C in the PLFA and amino sugar pools was used to compare the relative microbial stability of rhizodeposited C across depths and plant species. Belowground C allocation between roots, rhizodeposits, and living and dead microorganisms indicated depth dependent plant investment. Rhizodeposition as a fraction of the total belowground C input declined from the topsoil (0-25 cm) to the deepest layer (360 cm), i.e., from 35%, 45%, and 36%-8.0%, 2.5%, and 2.7% for lucerne, kernza, and rosinweed, respectively, where lucerne had greater C input than the other species between 340 and 360 cm. The relative microbial stabilization of rhizodeposits in the subsoil across all species showed a dominance of recently assimilated C in microbial necromass, thus indicating a higher microbial stabilization of rhizodeposited C with depth. In conclusion, we traced photosynthates down to 3.6 m soil depth and showed that even relatively small C amounts allocated to deep soil layers will become microbially stabilized. Thus, deep-rooted crops, in particular lucerne are important for stabilization and storage of C over long time scales in deep soil.

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Section: Root and Soil Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased rhizodeposition, but increased microbial carbon stabilization with soil depth down to 3.6 m

Peixoto

Elsgaard

Rasmussen

et al. 2020

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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“…Interestingly, DAP starter fertilization also resulted in a slight increase of the P content, thus the amount of P that was successfully taken up by the plants and that is eventually removed from the field. This effect was extensively observed in former studies [25] and can be explained by the acidification ammonium causes in the soil, which enhances P uptake [25,41]. More precisely, local ammonium supply stimulates the extension of the root system [42], which is caused by the accumulation of the plant hormone auxin [43].…”

Section: P As Starter Fertilizer and Its Interaction With Other Plant Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Optimizing the P balance: How do modern maize hybrids react to different starter fertilizers?

et al. 2021

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Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plants, but also a limited resource worldwide. Strict regulations for fertilizer applications in the European Union are a consequence of the negative environmental effects in case of improper use. Maize is typically grown with the application of P starter fertilizer, which, however, might be reduced or even omitted if suitable varieties were available. This study was performed with the 20 commercially most important maize hybrids in Germany evaluated in multi-location field trials with the aim to investigate the potential to breed for high-performing maize hybrids under reduced P starter fertilizer. At the core location, three starter fertilizers with either phosphate (triple superphosphate, TSP), ammonium nitrate (calcium ammonium nitrate, CAN), or a combination of ammonium and phosphate (diammonium phosphate, DAP) were evaluated relative to a control and traits from youth development to grain yield were assessed. Significant differences were mainly observed for the DAP starter fertilizer, which was also reflected in a yield increase of on average +0.67 t/ha (+5.34%) compared to the control. Correlations among the investigated traits varied with starter fertilizer, but the general trends remained. As expected, grain yield was negatively correlated with grain P concentration, likely due to a dilution effect. Importantly, the genotype-by-starter fertilizer interaction was always non-significant in the multi-location analysis. This indicates that best performing genotypes can be identified irrespective of the starter fertilizer. Taken together, our results provide valuable insights regarding the potential to reduce starter fertilizers in maize cultivation as well as for breeding maize for P efficiency under well-supplied conditions.

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“…However, Pedersen et al. (2019; unpublished data) found in a field study with corn that placing the slurry at 17‐cm depth (approximately 13 cm below the seed) was too far from the young roots in order to ensure sufficient nutrient uptake from the slurry band and caused reduced yield.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chamber had a daily average temperature of 15°C with a daily amplitude from 11 to 19°C for the first 13 d, a mean temperature increase of 0.1°C day −1 after 13 d, and a relative mean air humidity of 75%. The plants were grown under the same settings as in Pedersen, Sørensen, Rasmussen, Withers, and Rubæk (2019) with 16 h photoperiods with light intensities ranging from 170 to 1060 μmol photons m −2 s −1 to mimic Danish corn growing conditions in spring. The moisture content was adjusted to 63% of WHC with demineralized water during the first 35 d of growth and then up to 67% of WHC until the last harvest.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage to the primary root in response to cattle slurry placed near seed may compromise early growth of corn

et al. 2020

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Placement of cattle slurry below the row could potentially replace mineral phosphorus (P) starter fertilizer in corn (Zea mays) production, but a concentrated slurry layer near the seed may also restrict root growth. This study was designed to assess how the distance between seed and layer-banded slurry affected initial growth of corn. In a pot experiment with corn on a coarse sandy soil, nitrogen-labeled ( 15 N) cattle slurry was placed 1.5, 5, 8.5, or 12 cm below the seed, and responses on early root growth, shoot biomass, and nutrient uptake were studied. Soil chemical properties near the slurry band were determined in unplanted soil. Placement of slurry 1.5 cm below the seed damaged the primary root, which subsequently reduced shoot biomass and N uptake. Shoot P uptake remained unaffected by slurry placement depth. The 15 N assay revealed that plants were able to take up N from the slurry band despite damage to the primary root. The shoot biomass was higher in the inorganic N and P treatment than in the slurry treatments. Within a few centimeters above the slurry band, the soil was characterized by high moisture and high concentrations of ammonium and nitrite 21 and 35 d after slurry application, which may have caused the damages of the primary root. We conclude that placement of slurry near the seed can damage the primary root of corn. To prevent root injuries, banded slurry should be placed at least 5 cm below the seed.

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Fertilizer ammonium : nitrate ratios determine phosphorus uptake by young maize plants

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Decreased rhizodeposition, but increased microbial carbon stabilization with soil depth down to 3.6 m

Decreased rhizodeposition, but increased microbial carbon stabilization with soil depth down to 3.6 m

Optimizing the P balance: How do modern maize hybrids react to different starter fertilizers?

Damage to the primary root in response to cattle slurry placed near seed may compromise early growth of corn

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