Fertilization rates in superovulating cows after deposition of semen on the infundibulum, near the uterotubal junction or after insemination with high numbers of sperm

Hawk, H. W.; Conley, H.H.; Wall, Robert J.; Whitaker, R.O.

doi:10.1016/s0093-691x(88)80038-4

Cited by 33 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…There was a high correlation between the number of sperm trapped in the outer PVM of "the other 98% of the oocyte surface" of the first egg after mating (or artificial insemination [AI]) and 1) probability of subsequent eggs being fertile and 2) days over which fertilized eggs would be laid (the duration of fertility). Similar observations were made for sperm-egg interactions, often referring to the trapped sperm as "accessory sperm" within the zona pellucida, in cattle and humans [33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

A Practical In Vitro Sperm-Egg Binding Assay That Detects Subfertile Males1

Barbato

Cramer

Hammerstedt

1998

Biology of Reproduction

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A series of in vitro assays of sperm-egg binding were developed to identify potentially subfertile roosters. Initial assays used either segments of intact hen's egg perivitelline membrane (PVM) placed on a microscope slide or a heat-solubilized extract of PVM (HS-PVM) dried within a flat-bottomed microwell plate, with bound sperm detected with a DNA-specific stain and epifluorescence microscopy. An automated assay was developed using prestained sulfosuccinimidyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetate-HS-PVM and enumeration of bound sperm with a fluorometric microwell plate reader. Four populations of chickens differing in fertility were evaluated with the following results: 1) the correlation across lines between in vitro sperm binding and fertility was 0.83 (N = 40; p < 0.0001); 2) correlations with other seminal parameters were low; and 3) the relationship between sperm binding and fertility was not linear, but a threshold plot allowed identification of males with low binding and low fertility. Motile sperm from roosters, turkeys, bulls, humans, mice, rams, and stallions bound in a dose responsive manner. Features of binding were revealed by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Use of this assay to cull males whose semen appears normal by traditional modes of analysis but differs in the obligatory trait of sperm-egg binding could be of value to avoid expensive progeny testing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

A Practical In Vitro Sperm-Egg Binding Assay That Detects Subfertile Males1

Barbato

Cramer

Hammerstedt

1998

Biology of Reproduction

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“…Ova from superovulated cows, fertilized or unfertilized, have fewer accessory sperm, suggesting that low fertilization rates are a consequence of low numbers of viable sperm at the site of fertilization or altered ability for sperm penetration into oocytes of superovulated cows [17–20]. Many factors may contribute to a reduced fertilization rate in superovulated cows, including greater retrograde semen loss due to increased mucus, increased velocity of ova transport [21] suboptimal timing of semen deposition [22], changes in maturation of superovulated ova [23], an inappropriate hormonal environment altering gamete transport [21,23], dose of FSH used [24], LH content in the FSH preparation (Bender et al, unpublished data), FSH batch [25], stage of the estrous cycle when the superstimulation treatment begins [26], intervals after calving [18], AI technician skill, semen fertility [27], and type of semen [28–30]. Fertilization rate and therefore embryo production in super-ovulated cattle may be improved by optimizing the physiological conditions and techniques used during superstimulation protocols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of deep-horn AI on fertilization and embryo production in superovulated cows and heifers

et al. 2013

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The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of site of semen deposition on fertilization rate and embryo quality in superovulated cows. The hypothesis was that deposition of semen into the uterine horns would increase the fertilization rate compared with deposition of semen into the uterine body. The secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of uterine environment on fertilization rate and embryo quality. It was hypothesized that subclinical endometritis at the onset of superstimulation would decrease the fertilization rates and embryo quality. In experiment 1, 17 superovulated heifers were randomly assigned to receive artificial insemination (AI) into the uterine body or uterine horns. The total number of fertilized structures and fertilization rate from superovulated heifers was increased (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively) when semen was deposited into the uterine horns compared with the uterine body. Other embryo characteristics did not differ based on the site of semen deposition. In experiment 2, 14 lactating dairy cows were superovulated twice and were randomly assigned to receive AI into the uterine body or deep into the uterine horns using a crossover design. Neither fertilization rate nor any other embryo characteristics were improved when semen was placed deep into the uterine horns compared with the uterine body. In experiment 3, 72 superovulated lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned to receive AI into the uterine body or uterine horns. Before initiation of superstimulatory treatments, an endometrial cytology sample was collected from each cow. Ova/embryos were collected by a nonsurgical technique at 70 ± 3 days in milk. Similar to experiment 2, neither fertilization rate nor any other embryo characteristics differed based on the site of semen deposition in experiment 3. The percentage of cows with subclinical endometritis did not differ between treatments. Interestingly, there was a tendency (P = 0.09) for a reduction in embryo recovery rate and a reduction (P = 0.01) in the fertilization rate for cows with subclinical endometritis. In conclusion, deposition of semen into the uterine horns rather than into the uterine body did not improve the fertilization rate or embryo quality in superovulated cows. Subclinical endometritis decreased the fertilization rate in superovulated cows.

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“…Cow's behavior is monitored to determine reproductive status, and folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) is administered during mid-luteal phase. Prostaglandin Fza is administered to regress the corpus luteum, and cows are artificially inseminated after they show signs of estrus (Hawk et al, 1988). Cows are either slaughtered t o recover l-cell eggs from their oviducts or their oviducts are flushed by surgical intervention.…”

Section: Making Transgenic Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both cow and pig embryos are optically opaque. Fortunately, the cytoplasmic material (thought to consist primarily of lipid droplets) that obscures the pronuclei can be displaced by centrifugation without compromising embryo viability Wall and Hawk, 1988). Centrifugation stratifies the cytoplasm into two and sometimes three bands.…”

Section: Microinjectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making transgenic livestock: Genetic engineering on a large scale

Wall

Hawk

Nel

1992

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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The feasibility of introducing foreign genes into the genomes of cattle, goats, pigs, and sheep has only recently been demonstrated. Studies have thus far focused on improving growth efficiency or directing expression of pharmaceutical proteins to the mammary glands of these species. The general strategy for producing transgenic livestock and mice is similar. In addition to the obvious difference in scale between mice and livestock experiments, there are noteworthy obstacles that significantly reduce the efficiency of producing transgenic livestock. Low embryo viability, low transgene integration rates, and high animal costs contribute to project costs that can easily exceed hundreds of thousands of dollars. A better understanding of the mechanisms that govern transgene integration should lead to improved efficiencies. But, the full potential of the transgenic livestock system will not be fully realized until: 1) gene constructs can be designed that function in a reproducible, predictable manner; and 2) the genetic control of physiological processes are more clearly elucidated. Newly emerging approaches may resolve at least some of these issues within the next decade.

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Fertilization rates in superovulating cows after deposition of semen on the infundibulum, near the uterotubal junction or after insemination with high numbers of sperm

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

A Practical In Vitro Sperm-Egg Binding Assay That Detects Subfertile Males1

A Practical In Vitro Sperm-Egg Binding Assay That Detects Subfertile Males1

Effects of deep-horn AI on fertilization and embryo production in superovulated cows and heifers

Making transgenic livestock: Genetic engineering on a large scale

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