Fertilization in Birds

Wishart, G. J.; Horrocks, A. Janet

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-58301-8_5

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…This notion is supported by the finding that sperm-associated bodies (1) have an intimate relationship with the spermatozoa in the infundibulum of mated females, (2) are always present around holes in the vitelline membrane identifiable by electron microscope, and (3) bind with some spermatozoa in the vitelline membrane. It is well recognised that the outer layer of the vitelline membrane blocks excessive sperm penetration of the ovum (Baskst and Howarth, 1977;Wishart and Horrocks, 2000) and traps spermatozoa (Wishart, 1997). Spermatozoa that have bound to the inner layer of the vitelline membrane (Kuroki and Mori, 1997) might be dislodged during the formation of the outer layer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The avian ovum surrounded by the inner layer of the vitelline membrane at ovulation is soon grasped in the funnel of the oviductal infundibulum and given spermatozoa and materials for the outer layer of the vitelline membrane at the posterior of the infundibulum (Burley and Vadehra, 1989;Wishart and Horrocks, 2000). The spermatozoa released from secondary storage sites (Bakst et al ., 1994) bind to the inner layer of the vitelline membrane (Kuroki and Mori, 1997) and undergo an acrosome reaction presumably induced by ZPC (Pan et al ., 1999;Takeuchi et al ., 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The holes in the inner layer of the vitelline membrane are diagnostic of a successful sperm-egg interaction (Wishart and Horrocks, 2000). Spermatozoa form holes in vitro when incubated with an isolated inner layer of vitelline membrane Steele et al , 1994;Robertson et al , 1997), and the frequency of the holes per unit area was positively correlated with the concentration of the spermatozoa Robertson et al , 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Possible Involvement of a Sperm-associated Body in the Process of Fertilization in Quail

Sultana¹,

Mao

Yoshizaki

2004

Zoological Science

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Possible Involvement of a Sperm-associated Body in the Process of Fertilization in Quail

Sultana¹,

Mao

Yoshizaki

2004

Zoological Science

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“…In both physiological polyspermic urodeles and birds, supernumerary sperm asters are shunted away from the female pronucleus by unknown mechanisms, although there is variation between these taxa in the movement of extra sperm nuclei and possibly how they are degraded (Elinson 1986, Iwao 2000, Wishart & Horrocks 2000. Rothschild (1956), in his landmark paper on polyspermy, suggested that in physiological polyspermy (what he called type II inhibition), some substance diffuses out of either the female nucleus or the uniting sperm nucleus to cause degeneration of supernumerary sperm.…”

Section: Supernumerary Sperm Aster Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). Some of the peripheral sperm asters may undergo one or two mitotic divisions, but subsequently degenerate at an early cleavage stage (Waddington et al 1998, Wishart & Horrocks 2000. These mitotic divisions, which presumably require a spindle and thus an MTOC, do not appear to interfere with normal development, unlike in taxa exhibiting pathological polyspermy.…”

Section: Supernumerary Sperm Aster Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology and evolution of polyspermy: insights from cellular and functional studies of sperm and centrosomal behavior in the fertilized egg

Snook¹,

Hosken²,

Karr³

2011

Reproduction

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Recent studies of centrosome biogenesis, microtubule dynamics, and their management point to their role in mediating conditions such as aging and cancer. Centrosome dysfunction is also a hallmark of pathological polyspermy. Polyspermy occurs when the oocyte is penetrated by more than one sperm and can be pathological because an excess of centrosomes compromises development. However, in some taxa, multiple sperm enter the egg with no apparent adverse effect on zygote viability. Thus, some taxa can manage excess centrosomes and represent cases of non-pathological polyspermy. While these two forms of polyspermy have long been known, we argue that there is limited understanding of the proximate and ultimate processes that underlie this taxonomic variation in the outcome of polyspermy and that studying this variation could help uncover the control and role(s) of centrosomes during fertilization in particular, but also mitosis in general. To encourage such studies we: 1) describe taxonomic differences in the outcome of polyspermy, 2) discuss mechanistic aspects of reproductive biology that may contribute to the different consequences of polyspermy, and 3) outline the potential selective events that could lead to the evolution of variation in polyspermy outcomes. We suggest that novel insights into centrosome biology may occur by cooperative studies between reproductive and evolutionary biologists focusing on the mechanisms generating variation in the fitness consequences of polyspermy, and in the taxonomic distribution of all these events. The consequent discoveries of these studies may lead to informative insights into cancer and aging along with other centrosome-related diseases and syndromes.

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Physiological polyspermy: Selection of a sperm nucleus for the development of diploid genomes in amphibians

Iwao

Kimoto

Fujimoto

et al. 2019

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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The union between a sperm and an egg nucleus in egg fertilization is necessary to mix genetic materials to create a new diploid genome for the next generation. In most animals, only one sperm is incorporated into the egg (monospermy), but several animals exhibit physiological polyspermy in which several sperms enter the egg during normal fertilization. However, only one sperm nucleus forms the zygote nucleus with the egg nucleus, even in a polyspermic egg. The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the selection of sperm nuclei in the egg cytoplasm have been well investigated in urodele amphibians. The principal sperm nucleus develops a larger sperm aster and contacts the egg nucleus to form a zygote nucleus, whereas other accessory sperm nuclei are unable to approach the egg nucleus. The diploid zygote nucleus induces cleavage and participates in embryonic development, whereas the accessory sperm nuclei undergo pyknosis and degenerate. We propose several models to account for the mechanisms of the selection of one sperm nucleus and the degeneration of accessory sperm nuclei. The roles of physiological polyspermy in animal reproduction are discussed by comparison with other polyspermic species.

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Fertilization in Birds

Cited by 18 publications

References 92 publications

Possible Involvement of a Sperm-associated Body in the Process of Fertilization in Quail

Possible Involvement of a Sperm-associated Body in the Process of Fertilization in Quail

The biology and evolution of polyspermy: insights from cellular and functional studies of sperm and centrosomal behavior in the fertilized egg

Physiological polyspermy: Selection of a sperm nucleus for the development of diploid genomes in amphibians

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