Fertilization and pregnancy rates after intracytoplasmic sperm injection using ejaculate semen and surgically retrieved sperm

Analysis of 2,386 consecutive cycles of in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection using autologous oocytes in women aged 40 years and above

“…Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) was applied using long downregulation or short flare-up protocols with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and hMG or GnRH antagonist/hMG protocol, as previously described elsewhere (19,20). The choice of the protocol and the hMG/FSH dose were based on the patient's previous response to gonadotropins; the levels of FSH, E 2 , and AMH, if available; the patient's age at cycle initiation, body mass index, and previous ovarian surgery; and the physician's preference.…”

Sperm retrieval and live birth rates in presumed Sertoli‐cell‐only syndrome in testis biopsy: a single centre experience

“…Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) along with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a first-line treatment for infertility caused by NOA (Devroey et al, 1995). The pregnancy and implantation rates are lower than those reported by using spermatozoa from patients with obstructive azoospermia (Kahraman et al, 1996a;Aboulghar et al, 1997;Ghazzawi et al, 1998). Hypospermatogenesis, maturation arrest and Sertoli-cell-only syndrome (SCOS), with or without focal spermatogenesis are the commonest histological patterns of patients with NOA.…”

Outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles with fresh testicular spermatozoa obtained on the day of or the day before oocyte collection and with cryopreserved testicular sperm in patients with azoospermia

“…Testicular sperm retrieval was first introduced in 1993 and has been commonly used in patients with OA and NOA since then (1)(2)(3). Although, some studies demonstrated lower rates to blastocyst stage and lower implantation rates with spermatozoa from men with NOA (4,5), testicular spermatozoa recovered from men with all types of azoospermia were found to be as effective as ejaculated spermatozoa in ICSI cycles (6)(7)(8).…”