Fertility Theories

Jones, Larry Eugene; Schoonbroodt, Alice

doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226754758.003.0003

Cited by 40 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…That negative relationship is also consistent across countries; those with higher average fertility have lower average levels of industrialization [Galor and Zang (1997), Bloom et al (2009)]. In other words, standard economic assumptions are not generally enough to explain the negative fertility–income relationship regularly documented in empirical studies; instead, special assumptions regarding the functional form of the household’s utility or production functions have been necessary [Jones et al (2011)].…”

Section: A Puzzlementioning

confidence: 89%

Contraceptive Use and Time to First Birth

Tshiswaka-Kashalala

Koch

2017

J. Dem. Econ.

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Although contraception allows women to delay childbirth, stop unwanted childbearing, and postpone childbirth, not all contraception is equally effective, equally easy to access, or equally easy to use. Due to heterogeneity in women’s contraception opportunities and choices, in the effectiveness of the contraception used and even in luck, women differ in both their birth intervals and their age at first childbirth. We explore this heterogeneity, theoretically, incorporating contraception effectiveness and uncertainty (along with potential earnings, contraception costs, and net child benefits) into a potential mother’s childbearing decisions. Empirically, these factors are incorporated into a first hit time duration model, focusing on time to first birth, estimated with data from the Democratic Republic of Congo. The results provide nuanced insights into the income-fertility puzzle. Our evidence suggests that educated women start childbearing later, and are better able to use contraception, even less effective contraception. Thus, there are education-related heterogeneities in contraceptive effectiveness. Further, we find that women using more effective contraception start childbearing at a later age, as do women with better access to contraception. Both improved female education and improved access to modern contraception have the potential to hasten the fertility transition in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

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Section: A Puzzlementioning

confidence: 89%

Contraceptive Use and Time to First Birth

Tshiswaka-Kashalala

Koch

2017

J. Dem. Econ.

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“…From the economic theoretical perspective, there are two varying schools of thought, which explain the economic costs of fertility decisions. Jones et al (2010) report that in times of economic boom, the pay-off in the labour markets is high for both men and women. Higher wages for female workers imply high opportunity cost to forgo work and have children even if the male members of the family have high incomes.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher wages for female workers imply high opportunity cost to forgo work and have children even if the male members of the family have high incomes. Jones et al (2010) further report that during the events of economic downswings, it is easier for women workers to forego their jobs temporarily and have children since the pay-off is low. However, for low-income households, in times of economic uncertainty, the female workers need to work for added income in the family, and in this case, they need to forego their fertility decisions.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Determinants of Fertility and Economic Uncertainty: An Application of the NARDL Model for Hong Kong and South Korea

Ghosh¹

2021

Millennial Asia

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This article examines the determinants of fertility, using annual data sets from 1980 to 2017 for two major developed economies of the Asian region, namely Hong Kong (China) and South Korea. The article applies the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag model to study the impact of economic uncertainty on fertility decisions in these two countries. Using output volatility measure of economic uncertainty, the study shows that there is an asymmetric impact of economic uncertainty upon fertility decisions. Such an exploration demonstrates the extent of the impact of insecurity in the economy on fertility decisions. Furthermore, the study also explores the impact of infant mortality rate, old-age population, urbanization, income per capita, female employment levels, percentage of women in marriage or union, contraceptive prevalence and human capital formation on fertility decisions in these two advanced economies. The results confirm the asymmetry because the impact of the positive change of uncertainty and the impact of the negative change are not identical. The study concludes that for these major industrialized economies of Asia, economic uncertainty apart from the traditional demographic and economic factors appears to be a crucial factor in impacting fertility decisions.

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“…Ismeretes, hogy a közgazdasági elemzésekben rendkívül sok kritikát fogalmaztak meg a GDP-vel és az SNA-mutatókkal szemben, mégis a legtöbb esetben a GDP-vel vagy abból származtatott mutatóval vetik össze a demográfiai trendeket (Berde-Kuncz, 2017). Gazdaságtörténeti aspektusban kifejezetten negatív kapcsolat áll fenn a jövedelmi szint és a termékenység között, ennek a magyarázatára külön termékenységi elméletek is születtek, amelyek kielégítő választ nem tudtak nyújtani a témában (Jones et al, 2010).…”

Section: Elméleti áTtekintés éS Kutatási Kérdések Felvetéseunclassified

A természetes termékenységi ráta gazdasági meghatározói, különös tekintettel az európai uniós és magyar viszonyokra

Pintér¹

2019

Polgári szemle

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The natural fertility rate directly expresses a country's ability to reproduce. In those parts of the world that are considered developed in an economic sense, this ratio is significantly lower than in less developed countries. However, developed countries are not completely homogenous in respect of fertility rates. In this paper the economic and economic policy factors that may improve the fertility rate are analysed on the sample of European Union Member States. It is also important to present the correlation between the fertility rate and living standards. Having children is fundamentally not an economic but more a cultural matter, related to taking responsibility. In addition, economic stability or balanced income distribution are economic parameters that may nevertheless trigger increase in the fertility rate. Reference is also made to other variables that may have a positive impact on the currently negative trends in the part of the world called developed.

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Fertility Theories

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Contraceptive Use and Time to First Birth

Contraceptive Use and Time to First Birth

The Determinants of Fertility and Economic Uncertainty: An Application of the NARDL Model for Hong Kong and South Korea

A természetes termékenységi ráta gazdasági meghatározói, különös tekintettel az európai uniós és magyar viszonyokra

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