Fertility and Motility of Bovine Spermatozoa in Buffered Whole Egg Extenders

Dunn, H.O.; Bratton, R.W.; Collins, W.J.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(50)91917-5

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The protective effect of egg yolk in semen extenders has been known for decades (Phillips and Lardy, 1940), and its ability to enhance sperm survival at a broad range of temperatures, including ambient (Dunn et al, 1950; Shannon and Curson, 1983) and lower temperatures (Phillips and Lardy, 1940; Watson, 1981; de Leeuw et al, 1993; Amirat et al, 2004), has allowed it to be successfully used in a variety of species (Parks and Graham, 1992). The value of egg yolk is particularly evident during cooling and freezing, when its presence reduces the severity and extent of cold shock on spermatozoa (Medeiros et al, 2002; Saragusty et al, 2005), perhaps by a mechanism whereby phospholipid low‐density lipoproteins coat and enhance the stability and integrity of the sperm plasma membrane, which in turn confers protection on spermatozoa (Watson, 1975; Quinn et al, 1980; Blanchard et al, 1998; De Pauw et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Semen Storage in Elephants (Elephas maximus and Loxodonta africana): Species Differences and Storage Optimization

Kiso

Brown

Siewerdt

et al. 2010

Journal of Andrology

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Artificial insemination plays a key role in the genetic management of elephants in zoos. Because freshly extended semen is typically used for artificial insemination in elephants, it has become imperative to optimize conditions for liquid storage and semen transport. The objectives of this study were to examine the interactions between different extenders and storage temperatures on sperm total motility, progressive motility, and acrosomal integrity in Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants. Ejaculates were collected by rectal massage, diluted using a splitsample technique in 5 semen extenders: TL-Hepes (HEP), Modena (MOD), Biladyl (BIL), TEST refrigeration medium (TES), and INRA96 (INR), maintained at 35uC, 22uC, or 4uC. At 0, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours, aliquots were removed and assessed for sperm total motility, progressive motility, and acrosomal integrity. After 24 hours of storage, African elephant spermatozoa exhibited greater longevity and higher values in sperm quality parameters compared with those of Asian elephants. In both species, semen storage at 35uC resulted in a sharp decline in all sperm quality parameters after 4 hours of storage, whereas storage at 22uC and 4uC facilitated sperm survival. In Asian elephants, MOD and HEP were most detrimental, whereas BIL, TES, and INR maintained motility up to 12 hours when spermatozoa were cooled to 22uC or 4uC. In African elephants, there were no differences among extenders. All media maintained good sperm quality parameters at 22uC or 4uC. However, although MOD, BIL, and INR were most effective at lower temperatures, HEP and TES maintained sperm motility at all storage temperatures. This study demonstrated sperm sensitivity to components of various semen extenders and storage temperatures and offers recommendations for semen extender choices for liquid semen storage for both Asian and African elephants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Semen Storage in Elephants (Elephas maximus and Loxodonta africana): Species Differences and Storage Optimization

Kiso

Brown

Siewerdt

et al. 2010

Journal of Andrology

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“…The EY has been shown to increase the sperm fertilizing ability when present in extenders for semen storage at ambient temperature [5][6][7][8] and appears to prevent sperm cell damage at cooling and freezing [9][10][11]. Various components of EY have been investigated to identify the most active component(s) responsible for the protective effect [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Major Proteins of Bovine Seminal Plasma Bind to the Low-Density Lipoprotein Fraction of Hen's Egg Yolk1

Manjunath

Nauc

Bergeron

et al. 2002

Biology of Reproduction

173

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Over the past 60 years, egg yolk (EY) has been routinely used in both liquid semen extenders and those used to cryopreserve sperm. However, the mechanism by which EY protects sperm during liquid storage or from freezing damage is unknown. Bovine seminal plasma contains a family of proteins designated BSP-A1/-A2, BSP-A3, and BSP-30-kDa (collectively called BSP proteins). These proteins are secretory products of seminal vesicles that are acquired by sperm at ejaculation, modifying the sperm membrane by inducing cholesterol efflux. Because cholesterol efflux is time and concentration dependent, continuous exposure to seminal plasma (SP) that contains BSP proteins may be detrimental to the sperm membrane, which may adversely affect the ability of sperm to be preserved. In this article, we show that the BSP proteins bind to the low-density fraction (LDF), a lipoprotein component of the EY extender. The binding is rapid, specific, saturable, and stable even after freeze-thawing of semen. Furthermore, LDF has a very high capacity for BSP protein binding. The binding of BSP proteins to LDF may prevent their detrimental effect on sperm membrane, and this may be crucial for sperm storage. Thus, we propose that the sequestration of BSP proteins of SP by LDF may represent the major mechanism of sperm protection by EY.

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“…Hen's egg yolk (EY) is the most effective agent to protect sperm against cold shock and has been shown to improve sperm functions and preserve sperm fertility after storage in liquid [21][22][23][24] or frozen state [25][26][27][28]. Despite the use of extender containing EY for more then 60 yr, the mechanisms involved in sperm protection by EY against storage, cooling, and freezing damages remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Low-Density Lipoprotein Fraction from Hen’s Egg Yolk Decreases the Binding of the Major Proteins of Bovine Seminal Plasma to Sperm and Prevents Lipid Efflux from the Sperm Membrane1

Bergeron

Crête

Brindle

et al. 2004

Biology of Reproduction

167

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For sperm preservation, semen is generally diluted with extender containing egg yolk (EY), but the mechanisms of sperm protection by EY are unclear. The major proteins of bull seminal plasma (BSP proteins: BSP-A1/A2, BSP-A3, and BSP-30-kDa) bind to sperm surface at ejaculation and stimulate cholesterol and phospholipid efflux from the sperm membrane. Since EY low-density lipoprotein fraction (LDF) interacts specifically with BSP proteins, it is proposed that the sequestration of BSP proteins in seminal plasma by EY-LDF represents the major mechanism of sperm protection by EY. In order to gain further insight into this mechanism, we investigated the effect of seminal plasma, EY, and EY-LDF on the binding of BSP proteins to sperm and the lipid efflux from the sperm membrane. As shown by immunodetection, radioimmunoassays, and lipid analysis, when semen was incubated undiluted or diluted with control extender (without EY or EY-LDF), BSP proteins bound to sperm in a time-dependent manner, and there is a continuous cholesterol and phospholipid efflux from the sperm membrane. In contrast, when semen was diluted with extender containing EY or EY-LDF, there was 50%-80% fewer BSP proteins associated with sperm and a significant amount of lipid added to sperm membrane during incubation. In addition, sperm function analysis showed that the presence of EY or EY-LDF in the extender preserved sperm motility. These results show that LDF is the constituent of EY that prevents binding of the BSP proteins to sperm and lipid efflux from the sperm membrane and is beneficial to sperm functions during sperm preservation.

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Fertility and Motility of Bovine Spermatozoa in Buffered Whole Egg Extenders

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Liquid Semen Storage in Elephants (Elephas maximus and Loxodonta africana): Species Differences and Storage Optimization

Liquid Semen Storage in Elephants (Elephas maximus and Loxodonta africana): Species Differences and Storage Optimization

Major Proteins of Bovine Seminal Plasma Bind to the Low-Density Lipoprotein Fraction of Hen's Egg Yolk1

Low-Density Lipoprotein Fraction from Hen’s Egg Yolk Decreases the Binding of the Major Proteins of Bovine Seminal Plasma to Sperm and Prevents Lipid Efflux from the Sperm Membrane1

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