Fertile forests produce biomass more efficiently

Vicca, Sara; Luyssaert, Sebastiaan; Peñuelas, Josep; Campioli, Matteo; Chapin, F. S.; Ciais, Philippe; Heinemeyer, Andreas; Högberg, Peter; Kutsch, Werner L.; Law, B. E.; Malhi, Yadvinder; Papale, Dario; Piao, Shilong; Reichstein, Markus; Schulze, Ernst Detlef; Janssens, Ivan A.

doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01775.x

Cited by 304 publications

(356 citation statements)

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“…The same has not yet been done for NPP and biomass growth. But the least-cost hypothesis also makes explicit predictions about respiration costs; together with recent findings of general relationships between carbon use efficiency and soil nutrient status (Vicca et al, 2012;Fernández-Martínez, 2014), these predictions are likely to provide the basis for an equally general model of NPP. Figure 6 presents a view of what next-generation LSMs might look like.…”

Section: C Prentice Et Al: Next-generation Land-surface Modellinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliable, robust and realistic: the three R's of next-generation land-surface modelling

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Land-surface models (LSMs) are increasingly called upon to represent not only the exchanges of energy, water and momentum across the land-atmosphere interface (their original purpose in climate models), but also how ecosystems and water resources respond to climate, atmospheric environment, land-use and land-use change, and how these responses in turn influence land-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), trace gases and other species that affect the composition and chemistry of the atmosphere. However, the LSMs embedded in state-of-the-art climate models differ in how they represent fundamental aspects of the hydrological and carbon cycles, resulting in large inter-model differences and sometimes faulty predictions. These "thirdgeneration" LSMs respect the close coupling of the carbon and water cycles through plants, but otherwise tend to be under-constrained, and have not taken full advantage of robust hydrological parameterizations that were independently developed in offline models. Benchmarking, combining multiple sources of atmospheric, biospheric and hydrological data, should be a required component of LSM development, but this field has been relatively poorly supported and intermittently pursued. Moreover, benchmarking alone is not sufficient to ensure that models improve. Increasing complexity may increase realism but decrease reliability and robustness, by increasing the number of poorly known model parameters. In contrast, simplifying the representation of complex processes by stochastic parameterization (the representation of unresolved processes by statistical distributions of values) has been shown to improve model reliability and realism in both atmospheric and land-surface modelling contexts. We provide examples for important processes in hydrology (the generation of runoff and flow routing in heterogeneous catchments) and biology (carbon uptake by speciesdiverse ecosystems). We propose that the way forward for next-generation complex LSMs will include: (a) representations of biological and hydrological processes based on the implementation of multiple internal constraints; (b) systematic application of benchmarking and data assimilation techniques to optimize parameter values and thereby test the structural adequacy of models; and (c) stochastic parameterization of unresolved variability, applied in both the hydrological and the biological domains.

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Section: C Prentice Et Al: Next-generation Land-surface Modellinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliable, robust and realistic: the three R's of next-generation land-surface modelling

et al. 2015

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“…It is estimated that 10 to 50% of assimilated carbon is respired by the roots, with greater fractions being respired during nutrient shortage (Werf and Nagel, 1996). Vicca et al (2012) estimated that nutrient-limited forests allocate 20% more of their annual photosynthates to root symbionts than fertile forests possibly favouring the efficient acquisition and uptake of nutrients. Other studies have shown that plant growth rates under sub-optimal nutrient supply are usually enhanced by high [CO 2 ] during early growth stages (Pal et al, 2005;Pandey et al, 2015), but these enhanced growth rates cannot be sustained…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and molecular alterations in plants exposed to high [CO2] under phosphorus stress

Pandey

Zinta

AbdElgawad

et al. 2015

Biotechnology Advances

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Physiological and molecular alterations in plants exposed to high [CO 2 ] under phosphorus stress, Biotechnology Advances (2015Advances ( ), doi: 10.1016Advances ( /j.biotechadv.2015 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. This is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Biotechnology Advances (Ed. Elsevier). Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Pandey, Renu et al. Fax: +91-11-25846420] has increased substantially in recent decades and will continue to do so, whereas the availability of phosphorus (P) is limited and unlikely to increase in the future. P is a non-renewable resource, and it is essential to every form of life. P is a key plant nutrient controlling the responsiveness of photosynthesis to [CO 2 ]. Increases in [CO 2 ] typically results in increased biomass through stimulation of net photosynthesis, and hence enhance the demand for P uptake. However, most soils contain low concentrations of available P.Therefore, low P is one of the major growth-limiting factors for plants in many agricultural and natural ecosystems. The adaptive responses of plants to [CO 2 ] and P availability encompass alterations at morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. In general low P reduces growth, whereas high [CO 2 ] enhances it particularly in C 3 plants. Photosynthetic capacity is often enhanced under high [CO

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“…The importance of site quality effects on forest growth is widely recognized in traditional forest research (McLeod and Running, 1988;Milner, 1992;Pietrzykowski, 2014;Vose and Allen, 1988) as well as in recent studies on the C allocation within forest stands (e.g. Vicca et al, 2012). Our study further highlights the need to account for differences in site quality when assessing forest C and GHG balances across forest ecosystems and to improve their up-scaling beyond ecosystem boundaries.…”

Section: Site Quality Effect On the Cumulative Nepmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…For instance, a small difference in RA R despite manifold changes in fine root biomass among the four stands was observed. This might have resulted from (i) a temporal mismatch in measurements (fine root biomass was determined in 2004 when seedling trees at the youngest site were only 2 years old, whereas root respiration was also estimated during the subsequent years (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008) of rapid tree seedling and herbaceous ground cover development), (ii) a masking effect from greater understorey and/or groundcover root respiration at the youngest and oldest stands and (iii) contrasting patterns in the allocation of assimilates from the canopy to the roots in the high-vs. low-productivity stands (Vicca et al, 2012). Thus, this observation indicates some limitations to inferring C fluxes solely from the magnitude of the biomass pools.…”

Section: Site Quality Effect On the Cumulative Nepmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In addition, site quality (which includes all environmental factors influencing tree growth and thus biomass production and decomposition) might exert a strong control on the forest CO 2 exchange and C flux partitioning (Fernández-Martínez et al, 2014;McLeod and Running, 1988;Peichl et al, 2010a;Vanninen et al, 1996;Vicca et al, 2012). Changes in the magnitude of the CO 2 exchange subsequently have implications for the relative contribution of the individual C and GHG fluxes to the total C and GHG budgets following afforestation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon and greenhouse gas balances in an age sequence of temperate pine plantations

et al. 2014

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Abstract. This study investigated differences in the magnitude and partitioning of the carbon (C) and greenhouse gas (GHG) balances in an age sequence of four white pine (Pinus strobus L.) afforestation stands (7, 20, 35 and 70 years old as of 2009) in southern Ontario, Canada. The 4-year (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008) mean annual carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) exchanges, based on biometric and eddy covariance data, were combined with the 2-year means of static chamber measurements of methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) fluxes (2006)(2007) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export below 1 m soil depth (2004)(2005). The total ecosystem C pool increased with age from 46 to 197 t C ha −1 across the four stands. Rates of organic matter cycling (i.e. litterfall and decomposition) were similar among the three older stands. In contrast, considerable differences related to stand age and site quality were observed in the magnitude and partitioning of individual CO 2 fluxes, showing a peak in production and respiration rates in the middle-age (20-year-old) stand growing on fertile postagricultural soil. The DOC export accounted for 10 % of net ecosystem production (NEP) at the 7-year-old stand but < 2 % at the three older stands. The GHG balance from the combined exchanges of CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O was 2.6, 21.6, 13.5 and 4.8 t CO 2 equivalent ha −1 year −1 for the 7-, 20-, 35-and 70-year-old stands, respectively. The maximum annual contribution from the combined exchanges of CH 4 and N 2 O to the GHG balance was 13 and 8 % in the 7-and 70-year-old stands, respectively, but < 1 % in the two highly productive middle-age (20-and 35-year-old) stands. Averaged over the entire age sequence, the CO 2 exchange was the main driver of the GHG balance in these forests. The cumulative CO 2 sequestration over the 70 years was estimated at 129 t C and 297 t C ha −1 year −1 for stands growing on low-and high-productivity sites, respectively. This study highlights the importance of accounting for age and site quality effects on forest C and GHG balances. It further demonstrates a large potential for net C sequestration and climate benefits gained through afforestation of marginal agricultural and fallow lands in temperate regions.

show abstract

Fertile forests produce biomass more efficiently

Cited by 304 publications

References 46 publications

Reliable, robust and realistic: the three R's of next-generation land-surface modelling

Reliable, robust and realistic: the three R's of next-generation land-surface modelling

Physiological and molecular alterations in plants exposed to high [CO2] under phosphorus stress

Carbon and greenhouse gas balances in an age sequence of temperate pine plantations

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