Ferrous iron oxidation by anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria

Widdel, Friedrich; Schnell, Sylvia; Heising, Silke; Ehrenreich, Armin; Aßmus, Bernhard; Schink, Bernhard

doi:10.1038/362834a0

Cited by 673 publications

(455 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A different biological model was proposed by Garrels et al (1973) and Hartman (1984) Widdel et al, 1993;Heising et al, 1999;Straub et al, 1999). The ferric iron minerals these strains produce are also consistent with the most likely precursor IF minerals, Fe(III)-oxyhydroxides (Kappler and Newman, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 56%

Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history

Konhauser

Planavsky

Hardisty

et al. 2017

Earth-Science Reviews

357

257

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mentioning

confidence: 56%

Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history

Konhauser

Planavsky

Hardisty

et al. 2017

Earth-Science Reviews

357

257

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“…Most of these are the same as those found from primary sources. A notable exception is iron oxides, which form as a product of anoxygenic photosynthesis with Fe 2C as the electron donor (Widdel et al 1993;Heising et al 1999;Jiao et al 2005).…”

Section: Early Energy and Possible Community Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Early anaerobic metabolisms

Canfield

Rosing

Bjerrum

2006

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

336

311

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Before the advent of oxygenic photosynthesis, the biosphere was driven by anaerobic metabolisms. We catalogue and quantify the source strengths of the most probable electron donors and electron acceptors that would have been available to fuel early-Earth ecosystems. The most active ecosystems were probably driven by the cycling of H 2 and Fe 2C through primary production conducted by anoxygenic phototrophs. Interesting and dynamic ecosystems would have also been driven by the microbial cycling of sulphur and nitrogen species, but their activity levels were probably not so great. Despite the diversity of potential early ecosystems, rates of primary production in the early-Earth anaerobic biosphere were probably well below those rates observed in the marine environment. We shift our attention to the Earth environment at 3.8 Gyr ago, where the earliest marine sediments are preserved. We calculate, consistent with the carbon isotope record and other considerations of the carbon cycle, that marine rates of primary production at this time were probably an order of magnitude (or more) less than today. We conclude that the flux of reduced species to the Earth surface at this time may have been sufficient to drive anaerobic ecosystems of sufficient activity to be consistent with the carbon isotope record. Conversely, an ecosystem based on oxygenic photosynthesis was also possible with complete removal of the oxygen by reaction with reduced species from the mantle.

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“…Anoxygenic phototrophs are known to use organic substrates or reduced inorganic electron donors such as sulfur compounds, hydrogen and ferrous iron for autotrophic cell carbon synthesis from carbon dioxide (Pfennig, 1967(Pfennig, , 1977Widdel et al, 1993;Stackebrandt et al, 1996). Photosynthetic bacteria can be found in almost every aquatic environment, including freshwater, marine, alkaline, acidic and hot or cold waters (Pfennig, 1976(Pfennig, , 1978Stanier et al, 1981;Trüper & Pfennig, 1981;Van Trappen et al, 2004;Caumette et al, 2004;Herbert et al, 2005;Asao et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic phototrophic nitrite oxidation by Thiocapsa sp. strain KS1 and Rhodopseudomonas sp. strain LQ17

2010

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In anaerobic enrichment cultures for phototrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria from different freshwater sites, two different cell types, i.e. non-motile cocci and motile, rod-shaped bacteria, always outnumbered all other bacteria. Most-probable-number (MPN) dilution series with samples from two freshwater sites yielded only low numbers (¡3¾10 3 cm "3 ) of phototrophic nitrite oxidizers. Slightly higher numbers (about 10 4 cm "3 ) were found in activated sewage sludge. Anaerobic phototrophic oxidation of nitrite was studied with two different isolates, the phototrophic sulfur bacterium strain KS1 and the purple nonsulfur bacterium strain LQ17, both of which were isolated from activated sludge collected from the municipal sewage treatment plant in Konstanz, Germany. Strain KS1 converted 1 mM nitrite stoichiometrically to nitrate with concomitant formation of cell matter within 2-3 days, whereas strain LQ17 oxidized only up to 60 % of the given nitrite to nitrate within several months with the concomitant formation of cell biomass. Nitrite oxidation to nitrate was strictly light-dependent and required the presence of molybdenum in the medium. Nitrite was oxidized in both the presence and absence of oxygen. Nitrite inhibited growth at concentrations higher than 2 mM. Hydroxylamine and hydrazine were found to be toxic to the phototrophs in the range 5-50 mM and did not stimulate phototrophic growth. Based on morphology, substrate-utilization pattern, in vivo absorption spectra, and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain KS1 was assigned to the genus Thiocapsa and strain LQ17 to the genus Rhodopseudomonas. Also, Thiocapsa roseopersicina strains DSM 217 and DSM 221 were found to oxidize nitrite to nitrate with concomitant growth. We conclude that the ability to use nitrite phototrophically as electron donor is widespread in nature, but low MPN counts indicate that its contribution to nitrite oxidation in the studied habitats is rather limited.

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Ferrous iron oxidation by anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria

Cited by 673 publications

References 14 publications

Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history

Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history

Early anaerobic metabolisms

Anaerobic phototrophic nitrite oxidation by Thiocapsa sp. strain KS1 and Rhodopseudomonas sp. strain LQ17

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