Ferromagnetic Elements in Two‐Dimensional Materials: 2D Magnets and Beyond

Abstract

Ferromagnetism in 2D materials has attracted tremendous interest from the scientific community thanks to its potential for the design of magnetic materials with unique properties. The presence of a ferromagnetic element in a 2D material can improve the existing properties and offer new ones, giving rise to the development of manifold applications. This review focuses on recent advances and perspectives of 2D materials that bear at least one ferromagnetic element (iron, cobalt, nickel) as i) structural constituent, ii) dopant atom, or iii) adjacent atom through proximity effect. By describing in detail the magnetic properties that have emerged so far, their potential to form next‐generation 2D magnets is discussed. Moreover, the contribution of such 2D materials is analyzed in various applications (electrochemical, photochemical, optical, and electronic), aiming to explore further functionalities and capabilities of ferromagnetic elements, apart from their magnetic nature. Special attention is given to gadolinium and other rare earth elements that display a ferromagnetic order even at ultra‐low temperatures and form part of 2D structured materials, with particularly appealing properties deriving from their 4f electrons.

Electric-field-driven ferromagnetic response in Janus MnReX3 (X = Se, S) monolayer via asymmetric interface orbital hybridization

“…When the structural symmetry is reduced as formed MnReSe 3 monolayer, a stronger d-d Coulomb interaction and bonding interaction will decrease the radial extension of 3d orbital that enforce the intra-atomic exchange interaction as shown in figure 3(d), giving rise to a higher spin configuration. Previous reports also demonstrate that the 2D magnetic behavior and Curie temperature can be improved by designing the structure symmetry and magnetic ions [30,31], which also can confirm our proposal to explore the magnetic behavior of Janus MnReX 3 (X = Se, S) monolayer by their particular asymmetric interface hybridization.…”

Introduction and Advancements in Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic Metal Oxide Semiconductors for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance

“…Prospective solutions and current research endeavors to address these challenges include: Developing novel materials with tailored crystal structures and electronic configurations to enhance magnetic stability and promote ferromagnetism at higher temperatures [143][144][145][146]. For instance, exploring spinel structures or multiferroic materials with coupled magnetic and ferroelectric order may offer new avenues for room-temperature ferromagnetism [147].…”

Magnetic-assisted preparation and performance control of Fe3O4/PVDF gradient magnetic composites

“…As important functional materials, magnetic materials have a wide range of applications and are closely related to informatization, automation, mechatronics, and the national economy. [1][2][3] Traditional inorganic magnetic materials, such as ferrites, rare earth magnets, and aluminum-nickel-cobalt alloy magnets, have drawbacks such as high density, brittleness, large deformation, and difficulty in producing precision products. 4 The commonly used magnetic material Fe 3 O 4 can exhibit magnetism under the inuence of a magnetic eld, but it does not retain magnetization aer the magnetic eld is removed.…”