“…Note that the magnitude of Z (α, ω) is given by ω α L α . An FOI, ideally described by Equation (1), can be used to accurately model or implement dynamical systems in a wide range of applications such as respiratory systems, 23 brain monitoring, 24 bioelectrodes, 25 energy storage, 26 F I G U R E 1 Comparison between conventional electrical elements R and L, RL series circuit, and fractional-order inductor electromagnetics, 27 rectifiers, 28 resonators, 10,29 oscillators, [29][30][31] impedance matching networks, 6,32 chaotic system, 33 transmission line, 11 and sensory transducers. 25 The use of these applications in real-life requires actual implementations of FOIs.…”