Ferromagnetic activated carbon from cassava (Manihot dulcis) peels activated by iron(III) chloride: Synthesis and characterization

Dongo, Gervais Kounou; Nsami, Ndi Julius; Mbadcam, Ketcha Joseph

doi:10.15376/biores.15.2.2133-2146

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For example, Sudaryanto et al ( 2006 ) reported that the yield of the activated carbon at carbonization temperatures more than 650 °C were less than fixed carbon in the raw cassava peels. Other studies involving cassava peel AC without pre-leaching also report relatively lower yields in the range of 32.0–40.5% (Ndongo et al 2020 ; Nwabanne and Igbokwe 2008 ; Omotosho and Amori 2016 ). The relatively higher yield of AC at 780 °C could be attributed to the pre-leaching of the peels in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Mesoporous activated carbon yielded from pre-leached cassava peels

Kayiwa

Kasedde

Lubwama

et al. 2021

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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The search for alternatives to fossil-based commercial activated carbon (AC) continues to reveal new eco-friendly potential precursors, among which is agricultural waste. The key research aspect in all these endeavors is empirical ascertainment of the core properties of the resultant AC to suit a particular purpose. These properties include: yield, surface area, pore volume, and the active surface groups. It is therefore pertinent to have process conditions controlled and tailored towards these properties for the required resultant AC. Pre-leaching cassava peels with NaOH followed by KOH activation and carbonization at holding temperatures (780 °C) above the melting point of K (760 °C) yielded mesoporous activated carbon with the highest surface area ever reported for cassava peel-based AC. The carbonization temperatures were between 480 and 780 °C in an activation–carbonization stepwise process using KOH as the activator at a KOH:peel ratio of 5:2 (mass basis). A 42% maximum yield of AC was realized along with a total pore volume of 0.756 cm3g−1 and BET surface area of 1684 m2g−1. The AC was dominantly microporous for carbonization temperatures below 780 °C, but a remarkable increase in mesopore volume (0.471 cm3g−1) relative to the micropore volume (0.281 cm3g−1) was observed at 780 °C. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the pre-treated cassava peels showed distortion in the C–H bonding depicting possible elaboration of more lignin from cellulose disruption by NaOH. A carboxylate stretch was also observed owing to the reaction of Na+ ions with the carboxyl group in the raw peels. FTIR showed possible absorption bands for the AC between 1425 and 1712 cm−1 wave numbers. Besides the botanical qualities of the cassava peel genotype used, pre-leaching the peels and also increasing holding activation temperature above the boiling point of potassium enabled the modified process of producing highly porous AC from cassava peel. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging showed well-developed hexagonal pores in the resultant AC and intercalated K profile in the carbon matrices, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Mesoporous activated carbon yielded from pre-leached cassava peels

Kayiwa

Kasedde

Lubwama

et al. 2021

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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“…Ndongo et al [83] examined the synthesis and characterization of ferric chloride-activated cassava peel.…”

Section: Preparation Of Adsorbents and Activation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Cassava Residues as Adsorbents for Removal of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Water and Wastewater

Gajendiran

Prabu

Sivamani³

et al. 2023

Journal of Chemistry

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An increase in water demand for drinking, agriculture, and industries necessitates the treatment of water and wastewater. Among various conventional treatment techniques available, adsorption is found to be one of the most economical and feasible methods. Adsorbents from plant biomass are effective for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants. Cassava has gained attention among researchers during the past decades due to its plentiful availability and resilient characteristics. Even though cassava contains cyanogenic glucosides as toxins, it is used in industries for development of various products. Cassava stem, rhizome, peel, and bagasse are industrial residues that are generated in abundance. The present review focusses on factors affecting adsorption using cassava residues, adsorbent preparation and activation methods, equilibrium, mass transfer, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies of adsorption.

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Existing and emerging technologies for the removal of orthophosphate from wastewater by agricultural waste adsorbents: a review

Lawal

Zaini

2022

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Ferromagnetic activated carbon from cassava (Manihot dulcis) peels activated by iron(III) chloride: Synthesis and characterization

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Mesoporous activated carbon yielded from pre-leached cassava peels

Mesoporous activated carbon yielded from pre-leached cassava peels

A Review on Cassava Residues as Adsorbents for Removal of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Water and Wastewater

Existing and emerging technologies for the removal of orthophosphate from wastewater by agricultural waste adsorbents: a review

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