Ferroelectricity in Hybrid Perovskites

Abstract

Ferroelectric ceramics such as PbZr x Ti1–x O3 (PZT) are widely applied in many fields, from medical to aerospace, because of their dielectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric properties. In the past few years, hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskites have gradually attracted attention for their optical and electronic properties, including ferroelectricity, and for their low fabrication costs. In this Review, we first describe techniques that are used to quantify ferroelectric figures of merit of a material. We then discuss ferroelectricity in hybrid perovskites, starting from controversies in methylammonium iodoplumbate perovskites and then focusing on low-dimensional perovskites that offer an unambiguous platform to obtain ferroelectricity. Finally, we provide examples of the application of perovskite ferroelectrics in solar cells, LEDs, and X-ray detectors. We conclude that the vast structure–property tunability makes low-dimensional hybrid perovskites promising, but they have yet to offer ferroelectric figures of merit (e.g., saturated polarization) and thermal stability (e.g., Curie temperature) competitive with those of conventional oxide perovskite ferroelectric materials.

Room-Temperature Photoferroelectrics Semiconductor Driven by the Interlayer Confinement Effect

“…Compared with the cell volume of (IPA) 2 PbBr 4 in the RTP [1650.4 (7) Å 3 ], the cell volume in the ITP [1672.4 (8) Å 3 ] is significantly increased (Table S3). Fundamentally speaking, the dynamical order–disorder phase transition of IPA + cations and the directional arrangement in the RTP induce the ferroelectricity of (IPA) 2 PbBr 4 . ,,− As the temperature continued to rise to 370.5 K (high temperature phase, HTP) (Figure c), both IPA + cations and the [PbBr 4 ] 2– inorganic framework in (IPA) 2 PbBr 4 experienced severe disorder. Unlike the IPA + cations in the RTP and ITP, IPA + cations adopt a 2-fold orientational disordered arrangement in the HTP around the 2-fold axis to meet the symmetry requirement.…”

Temperature and pressure induced structural transitions of lead iodide perovskites

“…93 Despite many structural studies, the symmetry assignment of MAPbI 3 to a polar or non-polar space group is still debated, and so is its ferroic behaviour. 20,59,93,99,100 The challenges that crystallographers encounter are often attributed to the disordered nature of the MA + cation and the extremely complicated hydrogen bonding pattern. 101,102 Crystal twinning further makes the process challenging.…”

Reinforcing built-in electric field to enable efficient carrier extraction for high-performance perovskite solar cells

“…Copyright 2019, Wiley. (b) Schematic illustration of the hysteresis loop for electric displacement versus electric field 126. Copyright 2023, ACS.…”