Ferroelectric BaTiO3 ceramics sintered at low temperature with the aid of a mixture of CaF2 and LiF

Sintering, microstructures and dielectric properties of Ba1−xPbx(Ti1−xLix)O3−3xF3x ferroelectric ceramics

“…All these results are in good agreement with our previous works on oxifluorides deriving from BaTiO 3 [10][11][12][13].…”

Multifunctional ceramics Ba1−xSrx(Ti1−xLix)O3−3xF3x

“…The curves are very flat over a large range of temperature (25-300 • C) with a strong increase beyond ∼300-400 • C. As example, Figs BaTiO 3 (T C ≈ 120 • C) is certainly shifted at very low temperature by the substitution O-F as it was shown in our previous works. 3,11,12,14 To confirm this hypothesis, a second dielectric study is performed on the ceramic with less fluorine concentration (x = 0.05). Gold electrodes are sputter deposited on the polished circular surfaces of the pellet.…”

“…Since approximately two decades, the solid state reaction is developed too, either for the improvement of dielectric properties of barium titanate thanks to fluorides as sintering additives 11,12 or to get BaTiO 3 powder with high cristallinity and fine particles. 13 The purpose of this work is first of all to synthesize new phases (Ba, Sr)(Ti, Li)(O, F) 3 , then to determine the effect of (SrF 2 + LiF) addition on the sintering and the physical properties of BaTiO 3 .…”

Low Temperature Sintering of Lead-Free BaTiO₃-Based X9R Ceramics with Bi₂O₃ Dopant and Assisted by LiF-CaF₂ Flux Agent

“…With content of LiF-CaF 2 increased, the TCC curve rotated clockwise and the Cruie Peak was depressed. As reported previously, LiF-CaF 2 serves as a flux material, which provides active liquid to promote sintering [11,12] . The presence of low-temperature liquid phase accelerates the reaction with the matrix phase.…”