2021
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26589-x
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Ferroelectric 2D ice under graphene confinement

Abstract: We here report on the direct observation of ferroelectric properties of water ice in its 2D phase. Upon nanoelectromechanical confinement between two graphene layers, water forms a 2D ice phase at room temperature that exhibits a strong and permanent dipole which depends on the previously applied field, representing clear evidence for ferroelectric ordering. Characterization of this permanent polarization with respect to varying water partial pressure and temperature reveals the importance of forming a monolay… Show more

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Cited by 18 publications
(16 citation statements)
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“…To gain further insight into the effect of acid groups on the confined water layer, we used dielectric spectra to explore the degree of water molecules confined in COF membranes. Different from dielectric response of bulk water in GHz to THz range, water molecules in confined space showed a response in lower frequency range owing to the constrain interaction 33 35 . Taking the dielectric loss spectra of COF membranes collected at 25 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH) as an example, the TpPa–PO 3 H 2 and TpPa–CO 2 H membranes showed a single dielectric response below 10 Hz, however, the TpPa–SO 3 H membrane exhibited an addition dielectric response in higher frequency region (Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 85%
“…To gain further insight into the effect of acid groups on the confined water layer, we used dielectric spectra to explore the degree of water molecules confined in COF membranes. Different from dielectric response of bulk water in GHz to THz range, water molecules in confined space showed a response in lower frequency range owing to the constrain interaction 33 35 . Taking the dielectric loss spectra of COF membranes collected at 25 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH) as an example, the TpPa–PO 3 H 2 and TpPa–CO 2 H membranes showed a single dielectric response below 10 Hz, however, the TpPa–SO 3 H membrane exhibited an addition dielectric response in higher frequency region (Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 85%
“…(b) Conceptual diagram of nanoelectromechanical confinement of H 2 O between graphene. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2021 Springer Nature.…”
Section: D Ferroelectricsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition to the bulk phases, confined water widely exists in porous materials and biological channels and has attracted considerable interest, particularly with regard to behaving dramatically differently from their bulk counterparts. It is believed that the strong confinement can increase the number of possible phases as the new physical dimension of the confinement can disrupt the hydrogen-bonding network of water. Since the first simulation evidence of spontaneous formation of bilayer hexagonal ice for water confined within angstrom-scale slit below the freezing point, numerous low-dimensional ice phases, including one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) ice phases, have been predicted from computer simulations.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%