Ferrocene‐Induced Perpetual Recovery on All Elemental Defects in Perovskite Solar Cells

Chang, Qing; Wang, Fangfang; Xu, Wenxin; Wang, Aifei; You, Liu; Wang, Juangan; Yun, Yikai; Gao, Song; Xiao, Kang; Zhang, Liangliang; Wang, Lin; Wang, Jianpu; Huang, Wei; Qin, Tianshi

doi:10.1002/anie.202112074

Cited by 40 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…194 Pristine ferrocene has been used as a stabilising agent that efficiently recovers structural defects in perovskite solar cells through a closed chain of redox reactions and thus increases the cell life time. 195,196 Ferrocene and its simple derivatives have been frequently used as a source of iron 197 or iron oxides during the preparation of Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles 198 and bulk or surface-modified composite materials for sensing, 199 electronics 200 and catalysis, 201 whereas ferrocene itself is frequently used as a precursor of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) growth catalysts. 202 Ionic ferrocene derivatives (e.g., ammonium salts or sulfonates) have been studied as additives for redox-flow batteries.…”

Section: Dalton Transactions Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Forever young: the first seventy years of ferrocene

Štěpnička

2022

Dalton Trans.

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Section: Dalton Transactions Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applications Of Ferrocene and Ferrocene Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forever young: the first seventy years of ferrocene

Štěpnička

2022

Dalton Trans.

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“…While the nature of these reactions is beyond the scope of this study, we note the recent work by Chang et al who proposed that interactions can occur between Ferrocene and iodine defects yielding FcPbI 3 and Fc + I -/Fc + I 3 . [59] This is supported by a minor decrease in binding energy in the I 3d XPS spectra, possibly occurring from the Iformation (Figure S6, Supporting Information). Interestingly when collecting reference spectra ferrocene in either the powder form or deposited on glass, the ferrocene sublimed under the vacuum leading to no signal in the XPS.…”

Section: Characterization Of Ferrocene Incorporation On LI + Ion Migr...mentioning

confidence: 80%

A Multifaceted Ferrocene Interlayer for Highly Stable and Efficient Lithium Doped Spiro‐OMeTAD‐based Perovskite Solar Cells

Webb

Liu

Westbrook

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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hole mobilities within the HTL of up to 1.6 × 10 -3 cm 2 V -1 s -1 . [4] However, the use of such highly hygroscopic lithium salts has been shown to dramatically accelerate the degradation of PSCs. [5][6][7][8] Previous works have identified that upon doping with LiTFSI, lithium ions can readily become mobile and diffuse within the perovskite layer, forming hygroscopic LiX salts (where Xis a halide) which in turn rapidly degrade the perovskite. [5,[9][10][11][12][13][14] Wang et al demonstrated that following evaporation of tert-butylpyridine (tBP), a common spiro-OMeTAD additive, LiTFSI begins to form hygroscopic aggregates which hydrate the perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD interface degrading the perovskite over a period of < 1000 hours. [8] Furthermore, it has also been shown that tBP is, by itself, insufficient to prevent the migration of lithium ions. [7] To this extent, Kim et al. recently revealed that the migration of Li + is critical in the degradation of spiro-OMeTAD-based devices and is accelerated at higher temperatures, leading to the rapid degradation of the perovskite. [7] For these combined reasons spiro-OMeTAD-based PSCs consistently fall short of the practical requirements for the commercialization of solar cells. Indeed, the poor stability of LiTFSI doped spiro-OMeTAD as an HTL has become such a problem that many leading studies using the architecture replace the HTL with a more stable, yet lower efficiency, alternative or emit reporting stability entirely. [6,15] Consequently, addressing the impact of lithium on device stability is one of the biggest challenges facing the highest efficiency PSCs.As of writing, two principal strategies have emerged within the literature for improving the stability of n-i-p PSCs, namely (i) searching for new less destructive dopants or (ii) replacing spiro-OMeTAD in favor of alternative stable HTLs such as poly(triarylamine) (PTAA), poly(3-hexathiophene) (P3HT) or a range of novel molecular transporting materials (Table S1, Supporting Information). [5,[16][17][18] While these candidates can yield improvements in the long-term stability, the PCEs of resultant devices remain inferior to the spiro-OMeTAD counterparts. This performance gap has led to a trade-off between efficiency and stability in PSCs. More recently the formation of a blocking layer between the lithium doped spiro-OMeTAD HTL and the perovskite has been suggested using either graphene or flower-like MoS 2 . [11,19] Similar to the previous approaches, devices prepared using a blocking layer have yet to match the high efficiencies achieved using the conventional spiro-OMeTAD architecture, reaching up to 20.18% in devices prepared with MoS 2 . Furthermore, by blocking the Li + at the interface, the mechanism by which hygroscopic agregates are formed is not avoided. This challenge, therefore, requires new strategies that target the Li + ions within the HTL itself, preventing the accumulation of Li + at the interface and subsequent degradation. Very recently, several studies have sought to replace the Li + metal ...

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Section: Healing Molecular Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation and Self-Healing in Perovskite Solar Cells

Finkenauer

Akriti

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Organic−inorganic halide perovskites are well-known for their unique self-healing ability. In the presence of strong external stimuli, such as light, temperature, and moisture, high-energy defects are created which can be healed by removing the perovskite from the degradation source. This self-healing ability has been showcased in devices with recoverable performance and day-and-night cycling operation to dramatically extend the device lifetime and even mechanical durability. However, to date, the mechanistic details and theory around this captivating trait are sparse and convoluted by the complex nature of perovskites. With a clear understanding of the intrinsic self-healing property, perovskite solar cells with extended lifetimes and durability can be designed to realize the large-scale commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here, we spotlight the relevant degradation and self-healing literature and then propose design strategies to help conceptualize future research.

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Ferrocene‐Induced Perpetual Recovery on All Elemental Defects in Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 40 publications

References 38 publications

Forever young: the first seventy years of ferrocene

Forever young: the first seventy years of ferrocene

A Multifaceted Ferrocene Interlayer for Highly Stable and Efficient Lithium Doped Spiro‐OMeTAD‐based Perovskite Solar Cells

Degradation and Self-Healing in Perovskite Solar Cells

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