Ferritic Stainless Steels: Metallurgy, Application and Weldability

Amuda, M.O.H.; Akinlabi, Esther T.; Mridha, S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.04010-8

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This kind of stainless steel generally does not contain nickel, and sometimes contains a small amount of Mo, Ti, and Nb; therefore, it is an inexpensive and eco-friendly material. Ferritic stainless steel possesses the characteristics of high thermal conductivity, a small expansion coefficient, good oxidation resistance, excellent stress corrosion resistance and so on [1,2]. AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel is preferred in many applications, including in the automotive, chemical and food industries, such as for fuel burners, screw nuts, household appliances and appliance parts [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Initial Microstructure on the Low-Temperature Plasma Nitriding of Ferritic Stainless Steel

Liu

et al. 2022

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AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel with different initial microstructures was low-temperature plasma nitrided to improve its hardness and wear resistance in the present investigation. The microstructure and properties of the low-temperature nitrided layers on stainless steel with different initial microstructures were studied by an optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, microhardness tester, pin-on-disk tribometer, and electrochemical workstation. The results show that the low-temperature nitrided layer characteristics of ferritic stainless steel are highly initial-microstructure dependent. For the ferritic stainless steel with a solid solution and annealing treatment, it had the best performance after low-temperature plasma nitriding when compared with the stainless steel with other initial microstructures. The nitrided layer thickness reached 34 μm after nitriding at 450 °C for 8 h. The phase composition of the low-temperature-nitrided layer consisted mainly of a nitrogen “expanded” α phase (αN) and iron nitrides (Fe4N and Fe2–3N). The hardness of the nitrided layer could reach up to 1832 HV0.1. Moreover, the wear and corrosion resistance of the nitrided layer on the solution and annealing treated ferritic stainless steel could be improved at the same time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Initial Microstructure on the Low-Temperature Plasma Nitriding of Ferritic Stainless Steel

Liu

et al. 2022

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“…Due to its remarkable effects on the solidification mode [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], the relative stability of austenite [ 10 ] and ferrite [ 11 ], and the M s temperature [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], carbon plays an important role in the microstructure evolution of stainless steels. The noticeable effect of carbon on the microstructure formation after welding of stainless steels, for instance, can be implied from its large coefficient in the existing empirical equations for the calculation of the Ni equivalent in Schaeffler diagrams [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Carbon on the Microstructure Evolution and Hardness of Fe–13Cr–xC (x = 0–0.7 wt.%) Stainless Steel

et al. 2021

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The influence of carbon on the phase transformation behavior of stainless steels with the base chemical composition Fe–13Cr (wt.%), and carbon concentrations in the range of 0–0.7 wt.%, was studied at temperatures between −196 °C and liquidus temperature. Based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, the solidification mode changed from ferritic to ferritic–austenitic as the carbon concentration increased. The DSC results were in fair agreement with the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation results. In contrast to alloys containing nearly 0% C and 0.1% C, alloys containing 0.2–0.7% C exhibited a fully austenitic phase stability range without delta ferrite at high temperatures. Quenching to room temperature (RT) after heat treatment in the austenite range resulted in the partial transformation to martensite. Due to the decrease in the martensite start temperature, the fraction of retained austenite increased with the carbon concentration. The austenite fraction was reduced by cooling to −196 °C. The variation in hardness with carbon concentration for as-quenched steels with martensitic–austenitic microstructures indicated a maximum at intermediate carbon concentrations. Given the steady increase in the tetragonality of martensite at higher carbon concentrations, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurements, the variation in hardness with carbon concentration is governed by the amount and stability of austenite.

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“…Heat treatment after welding is an important technique to recover the microstructure and enhance the mechanical properties of FSS [26][27][28]. Anttila et al [29] concluded that the PWHT of AISI409 FSS joints fabricated using GMAW process improved the ductility and tensile strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, to achieve the desired results, PWHT of specific grade of ferritic stainless steel, the temperature should be kept below the lower transformation range temperature, depending upon the carbon percentage of the FSS. Also, the ferritic stainless steels are susceptible to embrittlement phenomenon when heated near to 475°C which causes a drastic reduction in toughness [26,32]. Keeping this in mind heat treatment was conducted at 550°C/75 min followed by furnace cooling down to 500°C and then quenching by water cooling till room temperature so that the weld joint does not hit the embrittlement temperature, i.e., 475°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties Variation Along the Thickness of Electron Beam Welded Ferritic Stainless Steel Joints After Postweld Heat Treatment

Doomra¹,

Sandhu²

2021

Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal.

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The effect of the postweld heat treatment (550°C for 75 min) on the electron beam welded joints of AISI 409 thick plates was assessed in terms of tensile and impact performance. Through thickness, analysis was carried out by dividing the weld joint into three sections, i.e., top section, middle section, and bottom section. The results showed that the size of the grains got refined at the bottom. The heat treatment also led to reduction in the grain size. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the presence of martensite in the weld joint which reduced after heat treatment. The 532 MPa tensile strength was achieved after the heat treatment for the specimens extracted from the bottom of the welded plate. The impact toughness of the weld joint was 37% less than the base metal; however, impact toughness of 31J was achieved at the top section after postweld heat treatment.

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Ferritic Stainless Steels: Metallurgy, Application and Weldability

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of Initial Microstructure on the Low-Temperature Plasma Nitriding of Ferritic Stainless Steel

Effects of Initial Microstructure on the Low-Temperature Plasma Nitriding of Ferritic Stainless Steel

Influence of Carbon on the Microstructure Evolution and Hardness of Fe–13Cr–xC (x = 0–0.7 wt.%) Stainless Steel

Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties Variation Along the Thickness of Electron Beam Welded Ferritic Stainless Steel Joints After Postweld Heat Treatment

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