Ferritic/martensitic steels: promises and problems

A review of helium–hydrogen synergistic effects in radiation damage observed in fusion energy steels and an interaction model to guide future understanding

“…The maximum swelling rate ($0.1%/dpa) is always lower than that for austenitic steels (>1%/dpa) and the swelling rate and peak swelling temperatures ($420°C) are both relatively insensitive to chromium content below $10% concentration. The chromium in solid solution is not primarily responsible for the swelling resistance of F/M steels: we now know that resistance is an intrinsic property of metals with a body-centered cubic (bcc) structure [4]. For more details on the current state-of-the-art regarding He and H effects on fusion materials, we refer the reader to the overview by Zinkle et al [1].…”

Effect of Ausforming Temperature on the Microstructure of G91 Steel

“…In the designs of advanced power plant components for future fission and fusion power plants, which will operate at temperatures up to 650 • C, the primary emphasis was placed on the development of new steel grades with superior long-term creep and thermal fatigue properties [2,3]. Several promising ferritic steels have been developed by the addition of very expensive alloying elements such as W and Co [4][5][6][7].…”

Mechanical Characterization of a Nano-ODS Steel Prepared by Low-Energy Mechanical Alloying

“…www.mdpi.com/journal/metals to neutron radiation damage [8] and reduce irradiation embrittlement [9], swelling, and damage accumulation [10]. ODS steels are commonly prepared by high-energy mechanical alloying (MA) of a mixture of steel powder and Y 2 O 3 particles followed by a consolidation stage consisting of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) or hot extrusion (HE) [11,12].…”