Fermented rye with Agaricus subrufescens and mannan-rich hydrolysate based feed additive to modulate post-weaning piglet immune response

Abstract

Background The process of weaning in piglets is often associated with an increased inflammation response in the intestine and compromised intestinal integrity and morphology, favoring a delay in intestinal maturation and a predisposal to diseases. Research has shown the potential of different nutritional strategies to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with the main goal to manipulate health and performance of pigs. Promising examples of nutritional strategies are fungal fermented products and their derivatives which are described to contain several compounds that may play a role in gastrointestinal health and pathogenic bacteria control. Products from Agaricus subrufescens mushroom are reported to contain prophylactic and therapeutic properties including antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Results This study analysed the post-weaning immune status in intestinal tissue and blood of piglets, with the objective to evaluate the gastrointestinal health and immune modulation response induced by a blend of mannan-rich hydrolyzed copra meal and fermented rye with A. subrufescens. Intestinal histomorphology demonstrated a villus height reduction in jejunum and increase in ileum on day 15, while increased villous height in jejunum and ileum on day 30. The results showed that in post-weaning piglets, the feed additive stimulates an immunomodulation effect most evident at 15 days post-weaning, with significant lower expression of cytokines Interferon (IFN) γ, Interleukin (IL) 1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) β in jejunum, accompanied with an increase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cytokine gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p35 (IL-12α), IL-12p40 (IL-12β), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) α, IFN-α, and TGF-β. In piglets fed the feed additive, the quantity of Immunoglobulin (Ig) A producing cells in jejunum, ileum was reduced on day 15 and 30 post-weaning, and on day 30 and 45 post-weaning in colon tissue. Natural Killer (NK) cells count in blood were increased on day 15 post-weaning in the piglets fed the feed additive. Conclusion This study implies the potential of the blend including mannan-rich hydrolyzed copra meal and fermented rye with A. subrufescens on immune modulation in the intestine of post-weaning piglets.

Agaricus subrufescens fermented rye affects the development of intestinal microbiota, local intestinal and innate immunity in suckling-to-nursery pigs

“…This is strengthened by our observation that genes involved in the Dectin-1/TLR signalling pathway (e.g., IRAK1, IRAK4, Myd88, NFKBIA, NFKB2, and TOLLIP) were significantly different between the treatment groups. In line with our findings, de Groot et al demonstrated that ROM combined with mannan-rich hydrolysed copra meal increased the number of NK cells in porcine blood on day 15 post-weaning [ 11 ]. Another study that used gene-targeted mice and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies clearly showed that A. subrufescens augmented NK cell cytotoxicity through IL-12-mediated IFN-γ production [ 97 ].…”

“…Fabà et al reported that feeding ROM combined with organic acids to nursery pigs reduced S. Typh shedding over a 21-day period post-challenge [ 10 ]. De Groot et al observed that inclusion of a blend of ROM combined with mannan-rich hydrolysed copra meal for nursery pigs exerted immunomodulatory effects both in the GI tract and at systemic level [ 11 ]. Recently, the neonatal period (spanning birth to weaning) has been described as a critical “window of opportunity” that allows for an important cross-talk between gut microbiota and immune system [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Agaricus subrufescens fermented rye affects the development of intestinal microbiota, local intestinal and innate immunity in suckling-to-nursery pigs

“…This is strengthened by our observation that genes involved in the Dectin-1/TLR signalling pathway (e.g., IRAK1, IRAK4, Myd88, NFKBIA, NFKB2, and TOLLIP) were signi cantly different between the treatment groups. In line with our ndings, de Groot et al demonstrated that ROM combined with mannan-rich hydrolysed copra meal increased the number of NK cells in porcine blood on day 15 post-weaning [11]. Another study that used gene-targeted mice and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies clearly showed that A. subrufescens augmented NK cell cytotoxicity through IL-12-mediated IFN-γ production [96].…”

“…Fabà et al reported that feeding ROM combined with organic acids to nursery pigs reduced S. Typh shedding over a 21-day period post-challenge [10]. De Groot et al observed that inclusion of a blend of ROM combined with mannan-rich hydrolysed copra meal for nursery pigs exerted immunomodulatory effects both in the GI tract and at systemic level [11]. Recently, the neonatal period (spanning birth to weaning) has been described as a critical "window of opportunity" that allows for an important cross-talk between gut microbiota and immune system [12,13].…”

In Vitro Screening of Non-Antibiotic Components to Mitigate Intestinal Lesions Caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Lawsonia intracellularis and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

“…A recent study [ 69 ] showed the potential immunomodulatory effect of compound F when supplementing piglets post-weaning, with a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production in jejunum, ileum, and colon. In our study, no significant differences in cytokine mRNA levels were observed after L. intracellularis challenge ( Figure 2 B).…”