Fermented grape seed meal promotes broiler growth and reduces abdominal fat deposition through intestinal microorganisms

Abstract

The fermentation of grape seed meal, a non-conventional feed resource, improves its conventional nutritional composition, promotes the growth and development of livestock and fat metabolism by influencing the structure and diversity of intestinal bacteria. In this study, the nutritional components of Fermented grape seed meal (FGSM) and their effects on the growth performance, carcass quality, serum biochemistry, and intestinal bacteria of yellow feather broilers were investigated. A total of 240 male 14-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly selected and divided into four groups, with three replicates of 20 chickens each. Animals were fed diets containing 0% (Group I), 2% (Group II), 4% (Group III), or 6% (Group IV) FGSM until they were 56 days old. The results showed that Acid soluble protein (ASP) and Crude protein (CP) contents increased, Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents decreased, and free amino acid content increased in the FGSM group. The non-targeted metabolome identified 29 differential metabolites in FGSM, including organic acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and monosaccharides. During the entire trial period, Average daily gain (ADG) increased and Feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased in response to dietary FGSM supplementation (p < 0.05). TP content in the serum increased and BUN content decreased in groups III and IV (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, the serum TG content in group III and the abdominal fat rate in group IV were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The results of gut microbiota analysis showed that FGSM could significantly increase the Shannon and Simpson indices of broilers (35 days). Reducing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes significantly altered cecal microbiota composition by increasing the relative abundance of Firmicutes (p < 0.05). By day 56, butyric acid content increased in the cecal samples from Group III (p < 0.05). In addition, Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation between broiler growth performance, abdominal fat percentage, SCFAs, and gut microbes. In summary, the addition of appropriate levels of FGSM to rations improved broiler growth performance and reduced fat deposition by regulating gut microbes through differential metabolites and affecting the microbiota structure and SCFA content of the gut.

Investigating the cecal microbiota of broilers raised in extensive and intensive production systems

“…The phylum Synergistetes was detected in most EPS birds, with an average relative abundance of 0.4% ± 0.5. This phylum has been reported both as a minor and major component of the chicken gut microbiota ( 41 , 62 – 65 ). Synergistetes species can degrade toxic compounds from plants ( 66 ) and were shown to be abundant in the ceca of wild capercaillie but absent from captive birds.…”

Effects of dietary supplementation of fermented Artemisia argyi on growth performance, slaughter performance, and meat quality in broilers

“…In our study, diets supplementing with fermented AA were more effective than unfermented AA in improving the slaughter rate and carcass traits of broilers, which may be related to microbial fermentation better degraded or disrupted cell walls so that the bioactive compounds can be better released from AA and higher absorbed and utilized by broilers. Moreover, during the fermentation process, the microorganisms could produce some substances, such as cellulase, that could decompose cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin during growth and reproduction, which reduced the content of nondigestible substances such as fiber ( Nan et al, 2022 ). Therefore, fermented AA may be used as a potential feed additive to improve the carcass traits of broilers.…”

Gut Microbiota Modulators Based on Polyphenols Extracted from Winery By-Products and Their Applications in the Nutraceutical Industry

“…Studies have shown a correlation between microbiota modulation and beneficial health effects [ 74 , 76 ]. Moreover, many studies of animal models have highlighted an increase in biodiversity indices after a GS-supplemented diet [ 15 , 65 , 68 , 72 ].…”

“…These effects are associated with GM modulation, especially the prebiotic-like impact on other beneficial taxa and the decrease in detrimental bacteria. For example, based on Spearman’s correlation analysis, Nan et al, 2022, demonstrated a strong correlation between broiler growth performance, abdominal fat percentage, SCFAs, and GM modulation [ 68 ]. Moreover, in vitro, rumen fermentation experiments have demonstrated that proanthocyanidin–GS extract could modulate rumen archaeal microbiota, and their administration in diets should be considered to obtain an inhibitory effect on methane emissions [ 77 ].…”