Fermented Colostrum Whey Upregulates Aquaporin-3 Expression in, and Proliferation of, Keratinocytes via p38/c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Activation

Abstract

Colostrum, which contains various immune and growth factors, aids wound healing by promoting keratinocyte proliferation. Aquaporins (AQPs) are small, hydrophobic membrane proteins that regulate cellular water retention. However, few studies have examined the effect of processed colostrum whey on AQP-3 expression in human skin cells. Here, we investigated the effect of milk, colostrum, fermented milk, and fermented colostrum whey on AQP3 expression in keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Concentrations of 100-400 µg/mL of fermented colostrum whey were found to induce HaCaT cell proliferation.AQP3 was found to be expressed exclusively in HaCaT cells. AQP3 expression was significantly increased in 100 µg/mL fermented colostrum whey-treated cells compared with that in controls. Moreover, fermented colostrum increased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, but not ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Thus, our results suggest that fermented colostrum whey increased AQP-3 expression in, and the proliferation of, keratinocytes via JNK and p38 MAPK activation.

Exploring the potential of bovine colostrum as a bioactive agent in human tissue regeneration: A comprehensive analysis of mechanisms of action and challenges to be overcome

“…Interestingly, the signaling pathways activated by colostrum (PI3K/Akt, PLC‐γ1/PKCα) share similarities with those known to regulate AQP‐3 expression 16 . This suggests a potential link between the influence of colostrum on keratinocyte differentiation and its observed increase in AQP‐3 expression with fermented colostrum 18 …”

“…Seo et al 18 investigated the effects of colostrum serum on HaCaT cells. Fermented colostrum whey (10 and 100 μg/mL) significantly increased AQP‐3 messenger RNA and protein expression compared to whey or control colostrum.…”

“…Activation of the EGF receptor was also verified due to its involvement in promoting terminal differentiation through the PLC-γ1/PKCα pathway. 16 Seo et al 18 investigated the effects of colostrum serum on…”

“…16 This suggests a potential link between the influence of colostrum on keratinocyte differentiation and its observed increase in AQP-3 expression with fermented colostrum. 18 The EGF, which is abundantly present in colostrum, is a known upstream regulator of AQP-3 expression in cancer cell cultures. 34,35 Additionally, lactoferrin, exopolysaccharides, and bioactive peptides with low molecular weight are present in fermented milk and serum, which can stimulate the proliferation and healing of skin cells.…”

Risk assessment for norovirus foodborne illness by raw oyster (Ostreidae) consumption and economic burden in Korea

“…RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA) was used to extract viral RNA according to the manufacturer's instructions (Seo et al, 2021). AVL buffer (1,120 µL) was mixed with 280 µL of the final supernatant, allowed to stand at room temperature for 10 min, and then lightly centrifuged using a microcentrifuge.…”