Fermentation of soybean meal improves growth performance and immune response of abruptly weaned Holstein calves during cold weather

Rezazadeh, Fatemeh; Kowsar, Rasoul; Rafiee, H.; Ahmad, Rizwan

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114206

Cited by 12 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…In summary, proteolytic Prevotella ruminicola responded positively to FSBM, while other cellulolytic/fibrolytic bacteria, such as Ruminococcus albus and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, reacted negatively. On the basis of the present findings and our previous research 24 , it can be concluded that feeding FSBM will improve the growth performance and starter intake of Holstein calves by changing the fermentation and abundance of some bacteria in the rumen. More studies with both liquid and solid phases of the rumen content and a broader variety of bacteria are needed to provide a deeper understanding of the effects of FSBM on the rumen ecosystem.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…In response to RUP, Griswold et al 32 observed a decrease in total concentrations of VFAs, acetate and butyrate in continuous culture. It seems that by improving the metabolism of nitrogen, the use of FSBM with greater small peptides has led to an increase in the growth performance of FSBM13-fed calves reported in our previous study 24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Previous studies have shown that BCVFAs improve the apparent digestibility of dry matter, microbial growth, microbial function, and enzyme activity in ruminants 45,46 . We also recently reported an improvement in the performance of FSBM13-fed calves compared to SBM-fed calves 24 . These findings suggest that the feeding of FSBM may alter the rumen conditions for the growth of the calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The FSBM was developed by a commercial company (Mehre Bisotun Co., Isfahan, Iran) as described by others 27 . The method used to prepare the FSBM was detailed in our previous work 24 . In brief, the dried SBM (90% dry matter) was immersed in distilled water (385 g water/1,000 g SBM) for 60 min, taking the moisture content of SBM to about 35%.…”

Section: Fermentation Of Sbmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have concentrated on the effects of FSBM on pig performance 20 – 23 , although few have studied the impact of FSBM on the fermentation of rumen and the bacterial community in dairy calves 24 – 26 . Our previous work has shown that feeding FSBM improved calf performance, increased starter intake and reduced weaning stress during abrupt weaning 24 . Weaning stress has been known to reduce feed intake and calf performance during the immediate post-weaning period 24 – 26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fermented soybean meal affects the ruminal fermentation and the abundance of selected bacterial species in Holstein calves: a multilevel analysis

Feizi

Zad

Jalali

et al. 2020

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The effect of soybean meal (SBM) replacement with fermented SBM (FSBM) on ruminal fermentation and bacterial abundance in Holstein calves was investigated in this study. Thirty nine calves were randomized to: (1) control: 27% SBM + 0% FSBM (FSBM0, n = 13); (2) 18% SBM + 9% FSBM (FSBM9, n = 13); and (3) 13.5% SBM + 13.5% FSBM (FSBM13, n = 13). SBM contained a greater amount of large peptides containing 3 to 10 amino acids (AAs), while FSBM had a greater amount of ammonia nitrogen (NH 3-N), free AAs, and small peptides containing 2 to 3 AAs. The calves fed FSBM13 had the lowest acetic acid, NH 3-N, and the ratio of acetate to propionate, with the greatest concentration of caproic acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid in ruminal fluid. Compared to those fed FSBM9 or FSBM13, the calves fed FSBM0 had the greatest proportion of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Ruminococcus albus in rumen fluid. However, the ruminal abundance of Prevotella ruminicola in calves fed FSBM13 was greater than in calves fed FSBM0. Network analysis showed that the abundance of the Ruminococcus albus was associated with large peptides, and butyric acid was correlated with small peptide. Taken together, our findings suggest that FSBM may have the potential to boost calf performance by changing the fermentation products and the relative abundance of some members of the bacterial community in the rumen. The calf starts its life with a physically and metabolically undeveloped rumen. Calves generally experience significant changes not only in the development of their rumen, but also in the rumen bacterial composition and community 1. This, in turn, enables calves to digest dry feeds for their growth needs, impacting productivity and future milk production capacity 1,2. Fibrolytic bacteria are important for the rapid anatomical and physiological growth of rumen, as the newborn calf moves from a liquid diet (i.e., milk) to a solid diet, such as grass and hay 3. Rumen microbes are classified into various functional groups, for example cellulolytic, amylolytic and proteolytic bacteria species 4. These organisms metabolize feed components and other microbial products 5. The rumen microbial community and the functional development of the stomach are affected by diets 4. For example, when forages are fed to ruminants, Bacteroidales and Ruminococcaceae become dominant 4. On the other hand, it is known that animals fed high-concentrate diets have more Prevotella and Succinivibrionaceae in their rumen fluid 4,6-8. Therefore, diets fed to animals can alter the relative abundance of bacteria and the profile of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the rumen 1,4. This, in turn, affects the evolution of the early ruminal development and microbiota 9 .

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%