Fermentation of ginseng extracts by Penicillium simplicissimum GS33 and anti-ovarian cancer activity of fermented products

Abstract

A total of 58 isolates of β-glucosidase-producing microorganisms were isolated from soil around the wild ginseng roots under forest using Esculin-R2A agar. Among these isolates, strain GS33 showed a strong ability to convert ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd into F2, Rg3, C-K, and convert ginsenoside Rg1 into Rh1, and F1. Fermented ginseng products can inhibit ES-2 cells growth and the IC₅₀ value was 0.73 mg ml⁻¹. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain GS33 belongs to the genus Penicillium and is most closely related to Penicillium simplicissimum (99 %).

Biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 to ginsenoside C-K by endophytic fungus Arthrinium sp. GE 17-18 isolated from Panax ginseng

“…Fu et al . (, ) isolated strain GS 09 and GS 33 for biotransformation of the major ginsenoside Rb1. In this study, we isolated β‐glycosidase‐producing endophytic fungus from the ginseng roots, and strain GE 17‐18 was screened, which could effectively convert major ginsenoside Rb1 to minor ginsenosides C‐K.…”

“…Wu et al (2012) used Cladosporium cladosporioides strain to co-transform the major ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 to minor ginsenosides C-K and F1. Fu et al (2013Fu et al ( , 2014 isolated strain GS 09 and GS 33 for biotransformation of the major ginsenoside Rb1. In this study, we isolated b-glycosidase-producing endophytic fungus from the ginseng roots, and strain GE 17-18 was screened, which could effectively convert major ginsenoside Rb1 to minor ginsenosides C-K.…”

Cooperated biotransformation of ginsenoside extracts into ginsenoside 20( S )‐Rg3 by three thermostable glycosidases

“…Ginsenosides are the main remarkable active components of ginseng ( Panax ginseng C. A. Mayer). They show many biological activities including anticancer (Fu et al ; Jin et al ; Cheng and Xing ; Ma et al ; Oh et al ; Ahmmed et al ), anti‐inflammatory (Wang et al ; Kim et al ; Eom et al ; Shaukat et al ), antioxidant (Jung et al ), antiallergy (Bae et al ), immunity boosting (Liu et al ) and so on. According to the fundamental skeletons of ginsenosides, they can be classified into three types: oleanolic acid type, protopanaxadiol type (PPD‐type) and protopanaxatriol type (PPT‐type).…”

“…Ginsenosides are the main remarkable active components of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mayer). They show many biological activities including anticancer (Fu et al 2014;Jin et al 2016;Cheng and Xing 2019;Ma et al 2019; types: oleanolic acid type, protopanaxadiol type (PPDtype) and protopanaxatriol type (PPT-type). The PPDtype major ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and PPT-type major ginsenosides Re, Rg1 comprise more than 80% of the total ginsenosides in wild ginseng (Karikura et al 1991).…”

Neuroprotective activities of fermented Ganoderma lucidum extracts by lactic acid bacteria against H2O2-stimulated oxidative stress in PC12 cells

“…Fermentation can improve taste, destroy toxic substances, increase absorptivity of nutrients, and add physiologically active substances as well as storability to foods (13,14). In particular, fermentation using lactic acid bacteria has been widely applied to various food ingredients and is recently attracting greater attention due to its health-beneficial usage of probiotics (15,16).…”