Fermentation in the Small Intestine Contributes Substantially to Intestinal Starch Disappearance in Calves ,

Gilbert, M.S.; Pantophlet, A.J.; Berends, H.; Pluschke, Anton M.; Borne, J.J.G.C. van den; Hendriks, W.H.; Schols, Henk A.; Gerrits, W.J.J.

doi:10.3945/jn.114.208595

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A reduced affinity of lipase to its substrate may result in an increase in the hydrolysis of added substrate and therefore be recorded as increased activity. The decreased apparent total tract protein digestibility and increased passage rate when feeding GSC suggest that starch was fermented, and starch fermentation in both the large and small intestine was indeed confirmed by Gilbert et al (2015a). From the current study, replacing lactose with GCS in the MR increased α-amylase activity, potentially by adaptation to the starch as reviewed by Brannon (1990) and Mosenthin and Sauer (1993) or by inducing microbial amylase activity (Cummings and Macfarlane, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…In addition, total tract fermentation of GCS was quantified, which averaged 447 ± 27 g/day, corresponding to 89% of intake. By difference, this indicated that 54% of the GCS intake was fermented before the terminal ileum (Gilbert et al, 2015a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As a result of less starch digestion, it is likely that the starch becomes substrate for microbial fermentation in the large intestine causing an influx of urea nitrogen into the large intestine (Gerrits et al, 2012). Substantial starch fermentation was observed in milk-fed calves (13 to 30 weeks), with 37% of the ingested starch fermented in the colon and an additional 41% of the ingested starch fermented in the small intestine (Gilbert et al, 2015a). Although the inclusion level of GCS was not fixed, GCS-fed calves had a reduction in growth as a result of fermentation of GCS instead of digestion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesized that replacing lactose with a pre-GCS in the milk replacer would, due to limited capacity for starch digestion in calves, increase digesta passage rates and thereby reduce small intestinal digestion of protein and fat. The effects on starch digestion are presented elsewhere (Gilbert et al, 2015a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of replacing lactose by starch on protein and fat digestion in milk-fed veal calves

Pluschke

Gilbert

Williams

et al. 2016

Animal

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Replacing dairy components from milk replacer (MR) with vegetable products has been previously associated with decreased protein and fat digestibility in milk-fed calves resulting in lower live weight gain. In this experiment, the major carbohydrate source in MR, lactose, was partly replaced with gelatinized corn starch (GCS) to determine the effect on protein and fat digestibility in milk-fed calves. In total, 16 male Holstein-Friesian calves received either MR with lactose as the carbohydrate source (control) or 18% GCS at the expense of lactose. In the adaptation period, calves were exposed to an increasing dose of GCS for 14 weeks. The indigestible marker cobalt ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was incorporated into the MR for calculating apparent nutrient digestibility, whereas a pulse dose of chromium (Cr) chloride was fed with the last MR meal 4 h before slaughter as an indicator of passage rates. The calves were anesthetized and exsanguinated at 30 weeks of age. The small intestine was divided in three; small intestine 1 and 2 (SI1 and SI2, respectively) and the terminal ileum (last~100 cm of small intestine) and samples of digesta were collected. Small intestinal digesta was analysed for α-amylase, lipase and trypsin activity. Digestibility of protein was determined for SI1, SI2, ileum and total tract, whereas digestibility of fat was determined for SI1, SI2 and total tract. Apparent protein digestibility in the small intestine did not differ between treatments but was higher in control calves at total tract level. Apparent crude fat digestibility tended to be increased in SI1 and SI2 for GCS calves, but no difference was found at total tract level. Activity of α-amylase in SI2 and lipase in both SI1 and SI2 was higher in GCS calves. Activity of trypsin tended to be higher in control calves and was higher in SI1 compared with SI2. A lower recovery of Cr in SI2 and a higher recovery of Cr in the large intestine suggest an increased rate of passage for GCS calves. Including 18% of GCS in a milk replacer at the expense of lactose increased passage rate and decreased apparent total tract protein digestibility. In the small intestine, protein digestion did not decrease when feeding GCS and fat digestion even tended to increase. Overall, effects on digestion might be levelled when partially replacing lactose with GCS, because starch digestion is lower than that of lactose but fat digestion may be slightly increased when feeding GCS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of replacing lactose by starch on protein and fat digestion in milk-fed veal calves

Pluschke

Gilbert

Williams

et al. 2016

Animal

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show abstract

“…Applying this processing treatment to SBM and RSM significantly reduced the SID and ATTD of CP in growing pigs (Chapters 2 and 3). With regard to starch, calves had a lower level of digestive enzymes compared with pigs and starch mainly disappeared from the small intestine through bacterial fermentation rather than enzymatic digestion (Gilbert et al, 2015). Moreover, ruminal fermentation in dairy cows seemed to affect the lignosulfonate and heat-treated ingredient in such a way that it became accessible for bacterial fermentation in the small intestine.…”

Section: Model Processing Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein quality of pig diets : processing effects on amino acid digestibility and post-absorptive utilization

Hulshof¹

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Effects of the carbohydrate and protein compositions in the milk replacer on the growth performance and gastrointestinal development of the Holstein calves from 35–70 days of age

Liu

Qin

et al. 2022

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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Fermentation in the Small Intestine Contributes Substantially to Intestinal Starch Disappearance in Calves ,

Abstract: Fermentation, rather than enzymatic digestion, is the main reason for small intestinal starch disappearance in milk-fed calves.

Cited by 34 publications

References 28 publications

The effect of replacing lactose by starch on protein and fat digestion in milk-fed veal calves

The effect of replacing lactose by starch on protein and fat digestion in milk-fed veal calves

Protein quality of pig diets : processing effects on amino acid digestibility and post-absorptive utilization

Effects of the carbohydrate and protein compositions in the milk replacer on the growth performance and gastrointestinal development of the Holstein calves from 35–70 days of age

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