Fermentation Economics

Stanbury, Peter F.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-036131-4.50017-1

Cited by 101 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The use of S. cerevisiae for the production of amorpha-4,11-diene has considerable advantages over the earlier E. coli process (12), notably the absence of an expensive inducer such as IPTG, and the lower OUR required for the restrictedfeed ethanol process. In large-scale fermentations, high oxygen uptake rates require high sparge rates, high agitation rates, and/or supplementation with pure oxygen (31). In addition, the heat generation resulting from rapid substrate and oxygen consumption requires increased cooling capacity to maintain temperature (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of amorphadiene in yeast, and its conversion to dihydroartemisinic acid, precursor to the antimalarial agent artemisinin

Westfall

Pitera

Lenihan

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

624

448

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Malaria, caused by Plasmodium sp , results in almost one million deaths and over 200 million new infections annually. The World Health Organization has recommended that artemisinin-based combination therapies be used for treatment of malaria. Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the plant Artemisia annua . However, the supply and price of artemisinin fluctuate greatly, and an alternative production method would be valuable to increase availability. We describe progress toward the goal of developing a supply of semisynthetic artemisinin based on production of the artemisinin precursor amorpha-4,11-diene by fermentation from engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae , and its chemical conversion to dihydroartemisinic acid, which can be subsequently converted to artemisinin. Previous efforts to produce artemisinin precursors used S. cerevisiae S288C overexpressing selected genes of the mevalonate pathway [Ro et al. (2006) Nature 440:940–943]. We have now overexpressed every enzyme of the mevalonate pathway to ERG20 in S. cerevisiae CEN.PK2, and compared production to CEN.PK2 engineered identically to the previously engineered S288C strain. Overexpressing every enzyme of the mevalonate pathway doubled artemisinic acid production, however, amorpha-4,11-diene production was 10-fold higher than artemisinic acid. We therefore focused on amorpha-4,11-diene production. Development of fermentation processes for the reengineered CEN.PK2 amorpha-4,11-diene strain led to production of > 40 g/L product. A chemical process was developed to convert amorpha-4,11-diene to dihydroartemisinic acid, which could subsequently be converted to artemisinin. The strains and procedures described represent a complete process for production of semisynthetic artemisinin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of amorphadiene in yeast, and its conversion to dihydroartemisinic acid, precursor to the antimalarial agent artemisinin

Westfall

Pitera

Lenihan

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

624

448

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“…Based on Table 4, the concentration of ammonium tartrate, glucose and peptone are significant factors (p < 0.05) affecting lipidless biomass. Generally, nitrogen and carbon sources are required for biomass production [13]. The regression equation of the model for lipidless biomass in terms of coded values showed significant positive linear effects for all three factors.…”

Section: Model Fittingmentioning

confidence: 98%

MEDIUM OPTIMIZATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS BY Cunninghamella sp. 2A1 USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

Sulaiman

Hamid

Yusoff

2017

AJSTD

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A statistical design approach has been used to optimize the production of biomass by Cunninghamella sp. 2A1, evaluated based on lipidless biomass. A 2 3 full factorial central composite design (CCD) was chosen to study the combined effects of three factors; ammonium tartrate, peptone and glucose concentrations. The p-value for each factors was < 0.05 suggesting that these factors have significant effect on the production of lipidless biomass. The production is represented by a linear model with p-value < 0.0001. The optimized medium consists of 3.86 g/l ammonium tartrate, 55.84 g/l glucose and 7.73 g/l peptone predicted 16.83 g/l lipidless biomass. Results from four replications based on the optimized medium produced 18.48 g/l lipidless biomass, which are in close agreement with the predicted value. The coefficient for glucose was the highest indicating it as the most significant factor affecting lipidless biomass production.

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“…Menurut Shafee, peningkatan produksi protease dengan menggunakan konsentrasi yang sesuai diperkirakan disebabkan rasio antara permukaan area yang besar dengan volume, menyebabkan produksi protease menjadi meningkat [21] . Konsentrasi inokulum 5% digunakan untuk produksi enzim protease dari Bacillus [22] . Konsentrasi inokulum 5% dari Bacillus licheniformis FK 46 termotoleran merupakan konsentrasi yang terbaik dalam menghasilkan keratinase [23] .…”

Section: Efek Inokulum Dan Jenis Medium Terhadap Aktivitas Enzimunclassified

“…Menurut Shafee, jika digunakan konsentrasi inokulum yang lebih kecil, menyebabkan ketidakcukupan bagi bakteri untuk menghasilkan protease sehingga mengurangi jumlah enzim yang disekresikan [21] . Menurut Stanbury dan Whitaker, konsentrasi inokulum memberi pengaruh terhadap lamanya fase lag, dimana waktu yang panjang pada fase lag tidak menguntungkan, tidak hanya pemborosan waktu, tetapi juga nutrisi dikonsumsi untuk pemeliharaan sel sebelum tumbuh [22] . Konsentrasi inokulum yang lebih besar (7,5%), juga menunjukkan produksi enzim menurun, yang terlihat dari aktivitas spesifik protease dan keratinase masingmasing 0,880 U/mg dan 0,333 U/mg.…”

Section: Efek Inokulum Dan Jenis Medium Terhadap Aktivitas Enzimunclassified

“…Komposisi medium Johnvesly dan Naik mengandung kalsium dan NaCl yang tidak terdapat pada medium produksi lainnya. Formulasi medium yang baik sangat penting untuk mendapatkan perolehan hasil yang maksimum [22] . Penggunaan medium Macedo ternyata menghasilkan protease dan keratinase yang paling rendah, hal ini disebabkan pada medium Macedo, terdapat "whey milk" dengan kadar laktosa yang tinggi dan kaya akan asam amino.…”

Section: Efek Inokulum Dan Jenis Medium Terhadap Aktivitas Enzimunclassified

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PRODUKSI PROTEASE ALKALI DAN KERATINASE DARI Brevibacillus agri A-03 TERMOFILIK

Agustien¹,

Nurhajati²,

Udin³

et al. 2015

J.Ris.Kim.

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ABSTRAKProtease alkaline and keratinase are a group of protease enzym which have important value in detergen industry and skin tannery. Brevibacillus agri A-03 is thermophilic bacteria isolate that comes from Ambayan Sumatera Barat hot spring and has the ability to produce protease and keratinase. The purpose of this research is to get protease alkaline and thermostable keratinase from Brevibacilus agri-A03. thermostable enzym is produced from enzym production enzym that contains kasein and keratin at various medium pH, inoculum incubation temperature and medium type. Enzym activity is measured by modified Walker methode, protein content is measured by Lowry methode. Protease alkaline is produced at exponential phase, maximum at 18 th hours of incubation and keratinase is produced at stationer phase, maximum at 22 nd hours. Both enzym is produced optimically at medium pH condition 9.0; incubation temperature 55°C, inoculum 5% by using modified Johnvesly and Naik medium with each protease and keratinase specific activity 1.927 and 1.047 U/mg

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Fermentation Economics

Cited by 101 publications

References 31 publications

Production of amorphadiene in yeast, and its conversion to dihydroartemisinic acid, precursor to the antimalarial agent artemisinin

Production of amorphadiene in yeast, and its conversion to dihydroartemisinic acid, precursor to the antimalarial agent artemisinin

MEDIUM OPTIMIZATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS BY Cunninghamella sp. 2A1 USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

PRODUKSI PROTEASE ALKALI DAN KERATINASE DARI Brevibacillus agri A-03 TERMOFILIK

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