Fermentation and Enzyme Technologies in Food Processing

Demirci, Ali; Izmirlioglu, Gulten; Ercan, Duygu

doi:10.1002/9781118846315.ch6

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Alpha-amylase is currently used in a broad array of industrial applications such as the production of ethanol and high fructose corn syrup, food, textile, paper, and detergent industries. [32][33][34][35] Table 2 shows the most current applications of α-amylase in different industries.…”

Section: Application Of Alpha-amylasementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Alpha-Amylase Production: Progress, Challenges and Perspectives

et al. 2020

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Alpha-amylase reputes for starch modification by breaking of 1-4 glycosidic bands and is widely applied in different industrial sectors. Microorganisms express unique alpha-amylases with thermostable and halotolerant characteristics dependent on the microorganism’s intrinsic features. Likewise, genetic engineering methods are applied to produce enzymes with higher stability in contrast to wild types. As there are widespread application of α-amylase in industry, optimization methods like RSM are used to improve the production of the enzyme ex vivo. This study aimed to review the latest researches on the production improvement and stability of α-amylase.

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Section: Application Of Alpha-amylasementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Alpha-Amylase Production: Progress, Challenges and Perspectives

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, it has used to supplement many diseases, including cardiovascular, diabetes, cancer and Alzheimer’s disease [ 26 ]. The daily requirements of the individual elements in human nutrition have determined as 800–1200 mg P, 800 mg K, 800–900 mg Ca, 300–400 mg Mg, 6–22 mg Zn, 10–20 mg Fe, 4–5 mg Mn and 1–3 mg Cu [ 27 , 28 ]. Trace elements play a vital role in the biomedical activities of RJ, as these have a variety of biological functions [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post grafting time significantly influences royal jelly yield and content of macro and trace elements

Al-Kahtani

Taha

2020

PLoS ONE

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Royal jelly (RJ) is commercially harvested after the 4 th day of queen larval age. In the current study, it was harvested after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after grafting of 1-day larval age queens to investigate changes in macro and trace elements associated with harvesting time. The RJ yields were significantly affected by harvest time, and the highest yield was obtained 72 hours after grafting. The highest phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) contents were obtained from RJ harvested 24 hours after grafting. Royal jelly harvested 48 hours after grafting had the highest concentrations of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn). Likewise, RJ harvested 96 hours after grafting had higher concentrations of copper (Cu). Royal jelly harvested 72 hours after grafting showed the second rank for P, Mg, Ca, K, Na, Fe, Cu, and Mn concentrations. In descending order, P, Mg, Ca, and K were the most dominant elements in RJ harvested at different times after grafting. The Mg, Ca, K, Na, Cu, and Mn concentrations in RJ were all positively correlated, and P, Fe, and Zn were positively correlated. The P and Zn were negatively correlated with Ca, Cu, and Mn. It was concluded that macro and trace element contents in RJ can differ depending on the harvest time after grafting. We recommend harvesting RJ at 72 hours after grafting for possible use as healthy nutritional human food supplement.

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“…A reduction in dietary protein content by a 1% unit (e.g., from 16% to 15% crude protein) can decrease the excretion of total nitrogen (in urine plus feces) from growing pigs by 8.5% [36]. In addition, rDNA technologies can also modify bacterial genomes to: (a) generate enzymes for feed fermentation [34]; (b) eliminate bacterial resistance to antibiotics by producing enzymes to remove the mediating molecules [35]; and (c) develop vaccines through separation of protein antigens using specific monoclonal antibodies, synthesis of protein antigens by cloned genes, and synthesis of peptides to be used as vaccines [37].…”

Section: Genetic Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of new biotechnologies for improvements in swine nutrition and pork production

Bazer

2019

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Meeting the increasing demands for high-quality pork protein requires not only improved diets but also biotechnology-based breeding to generate swine with desired production traits. Biotechnology can be classified as the cloning of animals with identical genetic composition or genetic engineering (via recombinant DNA technology and gene editing) to produce genetically modified animals or microorganisms. Cloning helps to conserve species and breeds, particularly those with excellent biological and economical traits. Recombinant DNA technology combines genetic materials from multiple sources into single cells to generate proteins. Gene (genome) editing involves the deletion, insertion or silencing of genes to produce: (a) genetically modified pigs with important production traits; or (b) microorganisms without an ability to resist antimicrobial substances. Current gene-editing tools include the use of zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN), or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated nuclease-9 (CRISPR/Cas9) as editors. ZFN, TALEN, or CRISPR/Cas9 components are delivered into target cells through transfection (lipid-based agents, electroporation, nucleofection, or microinjection) or bacteriophages, depending on cell type and plasmid. Compared to the ZFN and TALEN, CRISPR/Cas9 offers greater ease of design and greater flexibility in genetic engineering, but has a higher frequency of off-target effects. To date, genetically modified pigs have been generated to express bovine growth hormone, bacterial phytase, fungal carbohydrases, plant and C. elagan fatty acid desaturases, and uncoupling protein-1; and to lack myostatin, α-1,3-galactosyltransferase, or CD163 (a cellular receptor for the "blue ear disease" virus). Biotechnology holds promise in improving the efficiency of swine production and developing alternatives to antibiotics in the future.

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Fermentation and Enzyme Technologies in Food Processing

Cited by 8 publications

References 90 publications

Microbial Alpha-Amylase Production: Progress, Challenges and Perspectives

Microbial Alpha-Amylase Production: Progress, Challenges and Perspectives

Post grafting time significantly influences royal jelly yield and content of macro and trace elements

Application of new biotechnologies for improvements in swine nutrition and pork production

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