Fermentation Ability of Gut Microbiota of Wild Japanese Macaques in the Highland and Lowland Yakushima: In Vitro Fermentation Assay and Genetic Analyses

Hanya, Goro; Tackmann, Janko; Sawada, Akiko; Lee, Wanyi; Pokharel, Sanjeeta Sharma; Maciel, Valdevino Gisele de Castro; Toge, Akito; Kuroki, Kota; Otsuka, Ryoma; Mabuchi, Ryoma; Liu, Jie; Hatakeyama, Masaomi; Yamasaki, Eri; Mering, Christian von; Shimizu‐Inatsugi, Rie; Hayakawa, T.; Shimizu, Kentaro; Ushida, Kazunari

doi:10.1007/s00248-020-01515-8

Cited by 12 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Finally, in addition to a possible increased dependence on anthropogenic resources and loss of the acquired foraging capacity on natural resources [ 41 ], it was demonstrated previously that provisioning reduces progressively the ability of these primates to survive in their natural habitats by altering their gut microbiota’s ability to ferment foliage [ 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Descriptive Analysis of the Faecal Microbiota of Wild and Anthropized Barbary Macaques (Macaca sylvanus) in the Region of Bejaia, Northeast Algeria

Boumenir

Hornick

Taminiau

et al. 2022

Biology

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Previous research has revealed the gut microbiota profile of several primate species, as well as the impact of a variety of anthropogenic factors, such as tourist food supply, on these bacterial communities. However, there is no information on the gut microbiota of the endangered wild Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus). The present study is the first to characterize the faecal microbiota of this species, as well as to investigate the impact of tourist food provisioning on it. A total of 12 faecal samples were collected in two groups of M. sylvanus in the region of Bejaia in Algeria. The first group—a tourist-provisioned one—was located in the tourist area of the Gouraya National Park and the second group—a wild-feeding one—was located in the proximity of the village of Mezouara in the forest of Akfadou. After DNA extraction, the faecal microbiota composition was analysed using 16S rDNA sequencing. Statistical tests were performed to compare alpha diversity and beta diversity between the two groups. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS) was applied to visualize biodiversity between groups. Behaviour monitoring was also conducted to assess the time allocated to the consumption of anthropogenic food by the tourist-provisioned group. Our results revealed the presence of 209 bacterial genera from 17 phyla in the faecal microbiota of Barbary macaques. Firmicutes was the most abundant bacterial phylum, followed by Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia. On the other hand, the comparison between the faecal microbiota of the two study groups showed that tourism activity was associated with a significant change on the faecal microbiota of M.sylvanus, probably due to diet alteration (with 60% of feeding time allocated to the consumption of anthropogenic food). The potentially low-fibre diet at the tourist site adversely influenced the proliferation of bacterial genera found in abundance in the wild group such as Ruminococcaceae. Such an alteration of the faecal microbiota can have negative impacts on the health status of these animals by increasing the risk of obesity and illness and calls for special management measures to reduce the provisioning rate in tourist areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Descriptive Analysis of the Faecal Microbiota of Wild and Anthropized Barbary Macaques (Macaca sylvanus) in the Region of Bejaia, Northeast Algeria

Boumenir

Hornick

Taminiau

et al. 2022

Biology

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“…Assessing digestibility can be an optimal way to comprehensively quantify food quality as represented by multivariate chemical and physical factors and has been done using in vitro assays. Although some previous studies have used assays combining acid and enzymatic treatments (e.g., Oates et al, 1980;Choo et al, 1981), live gut microbes contained in fresh feces are often used as inoculum, with a specific food as a substrate (e.g., Campbell et al, 2002;Schmidt et al, 2005;Hanya et al, 2020). Recent molecular studies have shown that bacterial communities diverge between the foregut and hindgut in colobines (Clayton et al, 2019), with the higher expression of microbial gene functions for fiber digestion in the foregut than in the hindgut (Liu et al, 2022); thus, feces that contain hindgut-derived microorganisms may not be a representative inoculum source for measuring digestibility in foregut-fermenting colobines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Choices of a Foregut-Fermenting Primate, Colobus guereza: A Comprehensive Approach Including Leaf Chemical and Mechanical Properties, Digestibility and Abundance

et al. 2022

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Free-ranging animals make dietary choices that affect their nutritional status and, ultimately, their health and fitness. We investigated food selection by a leaf-eating foregut-fermenting primate, the guereza (Colobus guereza), using multiple criteria, including chemical and mechanical properties, in vitro digestibility and leaf abundance, on the basis of 30 consecutive months of behavioral observations (4308 h in total) of a family group in the Kalinzu Forest, Uganda, as well as vegetation surveys. We noted that leaf toughness may be a proximate cue for the chemical properties of plant foods, especially for protein, which is an important selection factor used by primates. We also found that the in vitro digestibility of plant foods was greatly influenced by the concentrations of fiber and secondary compounds. At a broad level, none of the studied factors, including leaf chemical and mechanical properties, digestibility and abundance, affected whether guerezas consumed specific leaf items. At a more detailed level, however, protein content, digestibility and toughness were related to the percentage of foraging effort that guerezas devoted to specific items in our study site.

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“…Wild animals survive under seasonally fluctuating food and thermal conditions (Hanya, Tsuji, & Grueter, 2013; Hill, Weingrill, Barrett, & Henzi, 2004), so clarifying adaptation to seasonality is a key to understanding the survival strategy of the species. Animals respond to seasonality in various ways, including modifications of their diet (Kanamori, Kuze, Bernard, Malim, & Kohshima, 2010), activity budget (Mekonnen, Bekele, Fashing, Hemson, & Atickem, 2010), behavioral thermoregulation (Hanya, Kiyono, & Hayaishi, 2007), and physiology (Hanya et al, 2020; Thompson et al, 2017). Ranging is also one of the most important behavioral adaptations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ranging patterns of Japanese macaques in the coniferous forest of Yakushima: Home range shift and travel rate

Hanya

Yoshihiro

Hayaishi

et al. 2020

American J Primatol

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Ranging is one of the most important behavioral adaptations for coping with seasonally fluctuating food and thermal conditions. We studied the ranging patterns, in particular home range shift and travel rate of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in the coniferous forest of Yakushima by tracking a group for 17 months. We also supplemented our data with records collected every August over a 5-year annual census. The macaque group used the eastern part of their home range from May to

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Fermentation Ability of Gut Microbiota of Wild Japanese Macaques in the Highland and Lowland Yakushima: In Vitro Fermentation Assay and Genetic Analyses

Abstract: Fermentation by gut microbe of Japanese macaques Hanya et al.

Cited by 12 publications

References 90 publications

First Descriptive Analysis of the Faecal Microbiota of Wild and Anthropized Barbary Macaques (Macaca sylvanus) in the Region of Bejaia, Northeast Algeria

First Descriptive Analysis of the Faecal Microbiota of Wild and Anthropized Barbary Macaques (Macaca sylvanus) in the Region of Bejaia, Northeast Algeria

Dietary Choices of a Foregut-Fermenting Primate, Colobus guereza: A Comprehensive Approach Including Leaf Chemical and Mechanical Properties, Digestibility and Abundance

Ranging patterns of Japanese macaques in the coniferous forest of Yakushima: Home range shift and travel rate

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