Fermentable Fiber Ameliorates Fermentable Protein-Induced Changes in Microbial Ecology, but Not the Mucosal Response, in the Colon of Piglets

Pieper, Robert; Kröger, Susan; Richter, Jan F.; Wang, Jing; Martin, Lena; Bindelle, Jérôme; Htoo, J. K.; Smolinski, Dorthe von; Vahjen, Wilfried; Zentek, Jürgen; Kessel, Andrew G. Van

doi:10.3945/jn.111.156190

Cited by 149 publications

(160 citation statements)

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“…However, feeding protein-reduced diets was associated with lower contents of ammonia in ileal digesta, indicating reduced fermentation activity of protein in the small intestine but without affecting the composition of the bacterial community. These findings were confirmed by Pieper et al (2012) who measured lower ammonia concentrations in piglets' colon when feeding 147 g/kg CP compared with 200 g/kg diets. However, in this study, the high-CP diet increased counts of the Clostridium leptum group in the proximal colon of weaned piglets, but had no effect on total bacteria, lactobacilli, enterobacteria, Bacteroides and the Clostridium coccoides group in the proximal colon.…”

Section: Dietary Protein Intakesupporting

confidence: 73%

Impact of dietary protein on microbiota composition and activity in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets in relation to gut health: a review

Rist

Weiss

Eklund

et al. 2013

Animal

220

198

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In pigs, the microbial ecosystem of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is influenced by various factors; however, variations in diet composition have been identified as one of the most important determinants. Marked changes in fermentation activities and microbial ecology may occur when altering the diet, for example, from milk to solid feed during weaning. In that way, access of pathogens to the disturbed ecosystem is alleviated, leading to infectious diseases and diarrhea. Thus, there is increasing interest in improving intestinal health by use of dietary ingredients suitable to beneficially affect the microbial composition and activity. For example, fermentable carbohydrates have been shown to promote growth of beneficial Lactobacillus species and bifidobacteria, thereby enhancing colonization resistance against potential pathogens or production of short-chain fatty acids, which can be used as energy source for epithelial cells. On the other hand, fermentation of protein results in the production of various potentially toxic products, such as amines and NH3, and is often associated with growth of potential pathogens. In that way, excessive protein intake has been shown to stimulate the growth of potentially pathogenic species such as Clostridium perfringens, and to reduce fecal counts of beneficial bifidobacteria. Therefore, it seems to be a promising approach to support growth and metabolic activity of the beneficial microbiota by developing suitable feeding strategies. For example, a reduction of dietary CP content and, at the same time, dietary supplementation with fermentable carbohydrates have proven to successfully suppress protein fermentation. In addition, the intestinal microbiota seems to be sensible to variations in dietary protein source, such as the use of highly digestible protein sources may reduce growth of protein-fermenting and potentially pathogenic species. The objective of the present review is to assess the impact of dietary protein on microbiota composition and activity in the GIT of piglets. Attention will be given to studies designed to determine the effect of variations in total protein supply, protein source and supplementation of fermentable carbohydrates to the diet on composition and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota.

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Section: Dietary Protein Intakesupporting

confidence: 73%

Impact of dietary protein on microbiota composition and activity in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets in relation to gut health: a review

Rist

Weiss

Eklund

et al. 2013

Animal

220

198

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“…The latter were inversely associated with the expression of MCT1, and positively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. An up-regulation of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the colon of pigs has also been observed in a previous study when high-protein diets were fed (17) . Interestingly, chronic intestinal inflammation (inflammatory bowel disease) is well known to coincide with reduced MCT1 expression in the intestinal mucosa (16) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…D-and L-Lactate, NH 3 , SCFA, biogenic amines, phenols and indols were determined in the digesta samples, as described previously (17,22,23) .…”

Section: Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Down-regulation of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) gene expression in the colon of piglets is linked to bacterial protein fermentation and pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated signalling

et al. 2015

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The present study investigated the influence of bacterial metabolites on monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) expression in pigs using in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro approaches. Piglets (n 24) were fed high-protein (26 %) or low-protein (18 %) diets with or without fermentable carbohydrates. Colonic digesta samples were analysed for a broad range of bacterial metabolites. The expression of MCT1, TNF-a, interferon g (IFN-g) and IL-8 was determined in colonic tissue. The expression of MCT1 was lower and of TNF-a and IL-8 was higher with high-protein diets (P, 0·05). MCT1 expression was positively correlated with L-lactate, whereas negatively correlated with NH 3 and putrescine (P,0·05). The expression of IL-8 and TNF-a was negatively correlated with L-lactate and positively correlated with NH 3 and putrescine, whereas the expression of IFN-g was positively correlated with histamine and 4-ethylphenol (P,0·05). Subsequently, porcine colonic tissue and Caco-2 cells were incubated with Na-butyrate, NH 4 Cl or TNF-a as selected bacterial metabolites or mediators of inflammation. Colonic MCT1 expression was higher after incubation with Na-butyrate (P,0·05) and lower after incubation with NH 4 Cl or TNF-a (P,0·05). Incubation of Caco-2 cells with increasing concentrations of these metabolites confirmed the up-regulation of MCT1 expression by Na-butyrate (linear, P, 0·05) and down-regulation by TNF-a and NH 4 Cl (linear, P,0·05). The high-protein diet decreased the expression of MCT1 in the colon of pigs, which appears to be linked to NH 3 -and TNF-a-mediated signalling.

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“…Data from Heo et al (2014) determined that dietary reduction of un-digested protein reduces intestinal ammonia concentrations and improves faecal consistency. Additionally, the reduction of undigested protein can reduce the concentration of branched-chain fatty acids and inflammation in the colon (Pieper et al, 2012). Understanding nutrient needs, the use of high quality raw materials, and limiting the quantity of un-digested protein in the diet is an effective strategy to reduce diarrhoea and improve gut health.…”

Section: Application Improving Management Capabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited

2016

Advances in Animal Biosciences

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Farming and AGGO Ltd. A further 69 companies are supporting the Centre, including large supermarkets, food producers, farmers, processors and world leading engineering and technology businesses from the fields of Formula 1, aerospace, robotics and machine vision. In addition to the core research institutes, the Centre has links to leading institutes in the fields of sensor development and robotics, social science, agronomy and animal health. By joining organisations in all sections of the supply chain, Agri-EPI will become a world-leading centre for excellence in engineering and precision agriculture for the livestock, arable, aquaculture and horticulture sectors.The Centre will operate a wide range of industry-led activities in applied research and development, demonstration, training and education. It will explore how to optimise the performance of agricultural production and processing systems. This will include livestock and plant growth rates, nutrient efficiency, product quality, and health. Initial areas of interest will include cutting edge technologies such as automated vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or "drones"), new instrumentation to monitor both operations and in-field performance of cropping systems, as well as sensing and imaging technologies to monitor livestock production in areas such as product quality and health and welfare.A central feature of the Agri-EPI Centre will be a series of farms and processing facilities equipped with the latest sensing and imaging equipment. These sites, and associated large-scale production data, will enable the Centre to use detailed analysis of the embedded variance to identify key issues for research and the potential to improve UK production and processing efficiency. The sites will also create a unique resource of locations to develop and demonstrate technologies to UK producers, thereby supporting the rapidly expanding global market for these technologies. Industry-led 'Think Tanks' will use industry data to identify issues and develop projects to address the most important ones. We anticipate a wider role for this process feeding into development of national priorities for basic and strategic research, such as that funded by RCUK. Knowledge exchange will be a significant output of the Centre's work ensuring that the knowledge generated is translated and transferred to relevant audiences.There is a growing realisation that the industry is at the cusp of an exciting phase of development and the new, disruptive technologies offered from other sectors of science could drive a step-change in our understanding of production, our efficiency of nutrient use, and our control of quality. By optimising the performance of the highly complex production and processing systems in agriculture it will be possible to reduce losses associated with such things as low feed conversion efficiency, production of out-of-specification carcasses, as well as high levels of morbidity and mortality. The UK has globally recognised expertise and facilities, as well as a hugely ...

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Fermentable Fiber Ameliorates Fermentable Protein-Induced Changes in Microbial Ecology, but Not the Mucosal Response, in the Colon of Piglets

Cited by 149 publications

References 47 publications

Impact of dietary protein on microbiota composition and activity in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets in relation to gut health: a review

Impact of dietary protein on microbiota composition and activity in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets in relation to gut health: a review

Down-regulation of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) gene expression in the colon of piglets is linked to bacterial protein fermentation and pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated signalling

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