Fenton chemistry and reactive oxygen species in soil: Abiotic mechanisms of biotic processes, controls and consequences for carbon and nutrient cycling

Yu, Guanghui; Kuzyakov, Yakov

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103525

Cited by 136 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…TA B L E 1 Estimated organic carbon (C) loss from topsoil (0-15 cm) due to the conversion of paddy to upland in the four climatic zones to the prolonged soil submergence, but in O 2 -sufficient upland, intensive cropping can accelerate the mineralization processes (Yu & Kuzyakov, 2021). This explains the highest contribution of plant residues to SOC at ~20°C in paddy soils but ~15°C in upland soils (Figures 1 and 6).…”

Section: Environmental Controls Over Soc Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting pathways of carbon sequestration in paddy and upland soils

Chen

Xia

et al. 2021

Global Change Biology

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178

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Paddy soils make up the largest anthropogenic wetlands on earth, and are characterized by a prominent potential for organic carbon (C) sequestration. By quantifying the plant‐ and microbial‐derived C in soils across four climate zones, we identified that organic C accrual is achieved via contrasting pathways in paddy and upland soils. Paddies are 39%–127% more efficient in soil organic C (SOC) sequestration than their adjacent upland counterparts, with greater differences in warmer than cooler climates. Upland soils are more replenished by microbial‐derived C, whereas paddy soils are enriched with a greater proportion of plant‐derived C, because of the retarded microbial decomposition under anaerobic conditions induced by the flooding of paddies. Under both land‐use types, the maximal contribution of plant residues to SOC is at intermediate mean annual temperature (15–20°C), neutral soil (pH~7.3), and low clay/sand ratio. By contrast, high temperature (~24°C), low soil pH (~5), and large clay/sand ratio are favorable for strengthening the contribution of microbial necromass. The greater contribution of microbial necromass to SOC in waterlogged paddies in warmer climates is likely due to the fast anabolism from bacteria, whereas fungi are unlikely to be involved as they are aerobic. In the scenario of land‐use conversion from paddy to upland, a total of 504 Tg C may be lost as CO2 from paddy soils (0–15 cm) solely in eastern China, with 90% released from the less protected plant‐derived C. Hence, preserving paddy systems and other anthropogenic wetlands and increasing their C storage through sustainable management are critical for maintaining global soil C stock and mitigating climate change.

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Section: Environmental Controls Over Soc Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting pathways of carbon sequestration in paddy and upland soils

Chen

Xia

et al. 2021

Global Change Biology

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178

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“…Chew et al (2020), Joseph et al (2015), and Pignatello et al (2017) detail the range of reactions that can take place on the external surfaces and in the pores of biochar (see also Section 2.2). Except in flooded soils, oxygen will diffuse into the pores and react with redox‐active organic molecules (e.g., quinones; Yu & Kuzyakov, 2021) and minerals, particularly Fe and Mn. In acid soils, excess H + reacts with basic minerals such as calcite and dolomite present within the C lattice of the biochar (Amonette & Joseph, 2009).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Biochar Effects On Soil and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biochars (especially those made at >400°C) can have a high content of free radicals, which can lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (Pignatello et al, 2017; Ruan et al, 2019; Yu & Kuzyakov, 2021) and strongly accelerate oxidation reactions. This acceleration leads to oxidation not only of biochar itself but also of SOM and plant residues (Du et al, 2020) and is especially intensive in soils with fluctuating water level (Merino et al, 2020) or with high content of iron (oxyhydr)oxides (Merino et al, 2020; Yu & Kuzyakov, 2021).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Biochar Effects On Soil and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cultivation and ingestion by soil fauna result in fragmentation and fracturing, creating very small particles (approximately <100 µm). These small particles are more mobile and can have higher reactivity, surface charge, radical content (Das et al, 2020; Yu & Kuzyakov, 2021) and surface area than larger particles (Yang et al, 2020), which can increase reactivity and nutrient availability (Wang et al, 2020). High mineral ash biochars and engineered biochars used in BCF generally contain high quantities of small mineral particles <100 µm (especially silica, alumina, Fe/O and CaCO 3 , CaHPO 4 , and Mg compounds) in or on the C matrix that are easily fragmented from the biochar and are mobile in soil.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Biochar Effects On Soil and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chew et al (2020) have represented these reactions as an RC circuit (Figure 1). Biochar directly mediates electron transfer by functioning as an electron shuttle and indirectly transfers electrons from the valence band to the conduction band in the Fe minerals by generating electron–hole pairs producing reactive oxygen species (

O_{2}^{\cdot ‐}

, H 2 O 2 ,

{HO}^{\cdot}

) by Fenton and Fenton‐like reactions (Yu & Kuzyakov, 2021).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Biochar Effects On Soil and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar

et al. 2021

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We synthesized 20 years of research to explain the interrelated processes that determine soil and plant responses to biochar. The properties of biochar and its effects within agricultural ecosystems largely depend on feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. We describe three stages of reactions of biochar in soil: dissolution (1–3 weeks); reactive surface development (1–6 months); and aging (beyond 6 months). As biochar ages, it is incorporated into soil aggregates, protecting the biochar carbon and promoting the stabilization of rhizodeposits and microbial products. Biochar carbon persists in soil for hundreds to thousands of years. By increasing pH, porosity, and water availability, biochars can create favorable conditions for root development and microbial functions. Biochars can catalyze biotic and abiotic reactions, particularly in the rhizosphere, that increase nutrient supply and uptake by plants, reduce phytotoxins, stimulate plant development, and increase resilience to disease and environmental stressors. Meta‐analyses found that, on average, biochars increase P availability by a factor of 4.6; decrease plant tissue concentration of heavy metals by 17%–39%; build soil organic carbon through negative priming by 3.8% (range −21% to +20%); and reduce non‐CO2 greenhouse gas emissions from soil by 12%–50%. Meta‐analyses show average crop yield increases of 10%–42% with biochar addition, with greatest increases in low‐nutrient P‐sorbing acidic soils (common in the tropics), and in sandy soils in drylands due to increase in nutrient retention and water holding capacity. Studies report a wide range of plant responses to biochars due to the diversity of biochars and contexts in which biochars have been applied. Crop yields increase strongly if site‐specific soil constraints and nutrient and water limitations are mitigated by appropriate biochar formulations. Biochars can be tailored to address site constraints through feedstock selection, by modifying pyrolysis conditions, through pre‐ or post‐production treatments, or co‐application with organic or mineral fertilizers. We demonstrate how, when used wisely, biochar mitigates climate change and supports food security and the circular economy.

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Long‐term straw mulching in a no‐till field improves soil functionality and rice yield by increasing soil enzymatic activity and chemical properties in paddy soils

Iqbal

Khan

Green

et al. 2021

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Background The degradation in soil quality over the last four decades poses a major threat to the sustainability of the puddled transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) system in southern China. Conservation tillage practices (CTPs) such as no‐tillage and crop straw mulching (SM) are considered effective strategies for achieving sustainable crop production. Aims This study aimed to assess the efficacy of different CTPs on crop yield and soil properties in an ongoing long‐term field experiment (2008–2020), particularly changes in soil chemical properties and enzymatic activities and their relationship with rice grain yield. Methods Five treatments including conventional tillage (CT), CT and straw retention, CT and SM (CT‐SM), no‐tillage (NT), and NT and SM (NT‐SM) were applied at a field scale over a period of 12 years. In Years 11 (2019) and 12 (2020), soil samples were collected at two depths (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm) after rice harvesting. Soil chemical traits, enzymatic activities, and rice production were measured in response to different CTPs treatments, and differences between treatments were assessed. Results Soil pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen (N), available N, total phosphorus (P), and available P were significantly higher in CTP treatments, compared with CT. The activities of soil enzymes including invertase, acid phosphatase, urease, catalase, β‐glucosidase, and cellulase were significantly higher in CTP soils, compared with CT soils. A general trend of lower enzyme activity was observed at the deeper soil depth. The NT‐SM treatment fields consistently produced the highest grain yield and larges differences in edaphic properties relative to the CT fields; however, all CTP treatments lead to significant increases in grant yield and edaphic properties relative to CT. A correlation analysis demonstrated that the enhancement in soil enzymatic activities contributed to soil quality and grain yield of rice. Conclusions The results of this long‐term field study indicate that the use of CTPs in paddy soil can benefit farmers in southern China by improving soil functionality and sustainability and the grain yield of rice.

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Fenton chemistry and reactive oxygen species in soil: Abiotic mechanisms of biotic processes, controls and consequences for carbon and nutrient cycling

Cited by 136 publications

References 137 publications

Contrasting pathways of carbon sequestration in paddy and upland soils

Contrasting pathways of carbon sequestration in paddy and upland soils

How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar

Long‐term straw mulching in a no‐till field improves soil functionality and rice yield by increasing soil enzymatic activity and chemical properties in paddy soils

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