Fentanyl enhances HIV infection in vitro

Yan, Jie; Nie, Dong-hang; Bai, Cheng-si; Rehman, Abdul; An, Yang; Mu, Xiaoli; Zhang, Yuqing; Xu, Yingqi; Xiang, Qingqing; Ren, Yu-ting; Xu, Jia-le; Wang, Meirong; Feng, Yong; Chen, Xiaoping; Hu, Haitao; Xiong, Hairong; Hou, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2022.10.004

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…We recently also proved that fentanyl induced HIV replication and chemokine co-receptor expression in human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, resulting in decrease in TLR9 expression [96]. Yet another study by Yan J et al showed that HIV replication and reactivation was enhanced by fentanyl in macrophages and Jurkat C11 cells [97]. The interaction of opioid receptors with chemokine receptors may have important implications for HIV pathogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Synthetic Opioid Fentanyl Increases HIV Replication and Chemokine Co-Receptor Expression in Lymphocyte Cell Lines

Krishnan

Kong

Karns

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Background: In the United States, the illicit use of synthetic opioids such as fentanyl has led to a serious public health crisis. Synthetic opioids are known to enhance viral replication and to suppress immunologic responses, but their effects on HIV pathogenesis remain unclear. Thus, we examined the impact of fentanyl on HIV-susceptible and HIV-infected cell types. Methods: TZM-bl and HIV-infected lymphocyte cells were incubated with fentanyl at varying concentrations. Expression levels of the CXCR4 and CCR5 chemokine receptors and HIV p24 antigen were quantified with ELISA. HIV proviral DNA was quantified using SYBR RT-PCR. Cell viability was detected with the MTT assay. RNAseq was performed to characterize cellular gene regulation in the presence of fentanyl. Results: Fentanyl enhanced expression of both chemokine receptor levels in a dose-dependent manner in HIV-susceptible and infected cell lines. Similarly, fentanyl induced viral expression in HIV-exposed TZM-bl cells and in HIV-infected lymphocyte cell lines. Multiple genes associated with apoptosis, antiviral/interferon response, chemokine signaling, and NFκB signaling were differentially regulated. Conclusions: Synthetic opioid fentanyl impacts HIV replication and chemokine co-receptor expression. Increased virus levels suggest that opioid use may increase the likelihood of transmission and accelerate disease progression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%