Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, mesosulfuron-ethyl, and isoproturon resistance status in Beckmannia syzigachne from wheat fields across Anhui Province, China

Two Cytochrome P450s, CYP709B1 and CYP704C1, Play Essential Roles in Metabolism-Based Multiple Herbicide Resistance in American Sloughgrass (Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald)

“…19 At least 10 qualified DNA samples (i.e., 10 individual plants) were randomly selected from each population and used to sequence their target genes. Primers used for amplification of ACCase and ALS referred to those reported in Li et al 20 and Li et al, 9 respectively, while those for the psbA referred to Yin et al 14 (Table S2). Gene amplification systems were prepared using 2 × Es Taq Master Mix (CWBIO, Beijing, China), and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted on a Bio-Rad T100 thermal cycler (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Hercules, CA).…”

“…10,11 Several P450 genes, including CYP81Q32, CYP99A44, and CYP704A177, isolated from B. syzigachne, were determined to detoxify and/or confer resistance to specific herbicides, indicating their pivotal roles in metabolic resistance phenotypes. 12,13 To date, although several instances of isoproturon resistance have been identified in B. syzigachne, 14 no psbA mutations and relevant metabolic enzyme genes have been determined in this species.…”

“…, acknowledged as one of the most challenging grass weeds in Chinese wheat fields, has extensively developed resistance to commonly used chemical herbicides 14. In this study, we collected a B. syzigachne population, AHLJ-3, which had demonstrated survival under various herbicide treatments in a wheat field rotated with rice.…”

Metabolism-Based Nontarget-Site Mechanism Is the Main Cause of a Four-Way Resistance in Shortawn Foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.)

“…Nevertheless, despite successful usage over several years, resistance to isoproturon has also been observed in several specific weed species. 5,6 Currently, research indicates that herbicide resistance is influenced by two distinct mechanisms: target-site-resistance (TSR) and nontarget-site-resistance (NTSR). Of these, TSR to the ACCase, ALS, and PSII inhibitors is primarily attributed to mutations at the respective target sites.…”

“…Subsequently, the PSII inhibitor isoproturon is frequently recommended as an alternative for managing these resistant weeds. Nevertheless, despite successful usage over several years, resistance to isoproturon has also been observed in several specific weed species. , …”