Fennoscandian Land Uplift: Past, Present and Future

Kakkuri, Juhani

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25550-2_8

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The mean shoreline altitude was recorded for each data site, but minimum and Kakkuri, 2012). maximum values were also noted to characterize their internal dispersion and to reduce subjectivity of classification.…”

Section: Compilation Of the Ancient Shoreline Database (Asd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glacial unloading and isostatic post-glacial rebound are well-known phenomena in the Fennoscandian shield area, where the Earth's crust has been continuously rising since the Weichselian glacial maximum around 20-22 ka ago (De Geer, 1890;Ramsay, 1924;Kakkuri, 2012). This rising is still ongoing and centred around the northern part of the Gulf of Bothnia, where the current rate of uplift is about 1 cm a -1 (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, the shoreline of the Baltic Sea basin (BSB) has been constantly displaced and even today the land area of the Finnish coastline is annually increasing by ca. 700 ha due to the slowly proceeding regression (Kakkuri, 2012). Combined with the rising of the global sea level (eustacy) and geoidal changes since the Weichselian glaciation (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an ancient shoreline database to reconstruct the Litorina Sea maximum extension and the highest shoreline of the Baltic Sea basin in Finland

Ojala¹,

Palmu²,

Åberg³

et al. 2013

Bull Geol Soc Finland

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An ArcGIS geodatabase called the Ancient Shoreline Database (ASD) was developed for the study and interpretation of ancient shorelines and shoreline displacement information. It was further divided into the Isolation Database (ISD) and Shoreline Landform Database (SLD) based on the characteristics of the available information. In the current study, observations related to the maximum extension of the Litorina Sea and the highest shoreline in Finland were carefully recorded and classified in the ASD. A total of 1625 shoreline observations were stored in the ASD, of which 106 were stratigraphic data points from dated isolation horizons (ISD) and the remaining 1519 were data points representing morphological shoreline observations (SLD). This paper describes the content of the ASD in terms of the variability and reliability of collated data points, but also introduces how modern LiDAR-based digital elevation models were utilized in validating the published observations as well as in interpreting new data points related to ancient shorelines from areas lacking information. The compiled ASD was used to reconstruct the diachronous maximum extension of the Litorina Sea and the highest shoreline of the Baltic Sea basin in Finland.

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Section: Compilation Of the Ancient Shoreline Database (Asd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an ancient shoreline database to reconstruct the Litorina Sea maximum extension and the highest shoreline of the Baltic Sea basin in Finland

Ojala¹,

Palmu²,

Åberg³

et al. 2013

Bull Geol Soc Finland

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“…Earthquake activity along plate boundaries is driven by tectonic forces. The study area undergoes postglacial uplift with a maximum uplift rate of about 10 mm/yr centered in the northern Gulf of Bothnia (e.g., Kakkuri, 1997). The uplift of land from the sea has been documented in Finland and Sweden for more than three centuries, so it appeared reasonable to explain the observed earthquake activity by land uplift, as many early geoscientists did.…”

Section: Seismicity Featuresmentioning

confidence: 86%

Intraplate Seismicity and Seismic Hazard: The Gulf of Bothnia Area in Northern Europe Revisited

Mäntyniemi¹

2012

Earthquake Research and Analysis - New Frontiers in Seismology

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“…Acid rains have led to leaching of exchangeable cations from soil with a consequent decline in soil reaction (Federer et al 1989; Billett et al 1990; Likens & Bormann 1995; Likens et al 1996), and increasing nitrogen deposition has caused the eutrophication of many ecosystems (Bobbink et al 1998; Diekmann et al 1999; Bennie et al 2006). Third, the elevation of this archipelago is rising via isostatic land uplift (4–5 mm yr −1 , Kakkuri 1987). The landscape is changing by a process that over thousands of years has caused new islands to emerge, to grow in height and size and to become attached to mainland or neighbouring islands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal changes in the island flora at different scales in the archipelago of SW Finland

Hannus¹,

Numers²

2010

Applied Vegetation Science

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Question: How have species richness and vegetation patterns changed in a group of islands in the northern Baltic Sea over a 58-yr period of changing land use and increasing eutrophication? Location: A group of 116 islands, the Brunska¨r subarchipelago, in SW Finland. Methods: A complete survey of vascular plant species performed in 1947-1949 by Skult was repeated by our group using the same methodology in 2005-2007 (historical versus contemporary, respectively). DCAs were performed and total number of species, extinction-colonization rates, species frequency changes and mean Ellenberg indicator values for light, moisture and nitrogen and Eklund indicator values for dependence of human cultural influence were obtained for each island and releve´. Results: Species richness has declined on large islands and increased on small islands. The increase in number of species on small islands is driven by a strong increase in frequency of shore species, which in turn is induced by more productive shores. The decrease in species richness on large islands is related to overgrowth of open semi-natural habitats after cessation of grazing and other agricultural practices. Conclusions: After the late 1940s, open habitats, which were created and maintained by cattle grazing and other traditional agricultural activities, have declined in favour of woody shrub and forest land. Shores have been stabilized and influenced by the eutrophication of the Baltic Sea, and the vegetation has become more homogeneous. This development, resulting in lower species diversity, poses a challenge for the preservation of biodiversity both on a local and on a landscape level.

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Fennoscandian Land Uplift: Past, Present and Future

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Development of an ancient shoreline database to reconstruct the Litorina Sea maximum extension and the highest shoreline of the Baltic Sea basin in Finland

Development of an ancient shoreline database to reconstruct the Litorina Sea maximum extension and the highest shoreline of the Baltic Sea basin in Finland

Intraplate Seismicity and Seismic Hazard: The Gulf of Bothnia Area in Northern Europe Revisited

Temporal changes in the island flora at different scales in the archipelago of SW Finland

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