Fennel oil: A promising antifungal agent against biofilm forming fluconazole resistant Candida albicans causing vulvovaginal candidiasis

Bassyouni, Rasha H.; Wali, Iman E.; Kamel, Zeinat; Kassim, Mai Fareg

doi:10.1016/j.hermed.2018.08.002

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Although there are reports of the effects of essential oils from Lavandula stoechas, Lavandula angustifolia, and other plants against bacterial biofilms [18,24], evidence regarding Candida spp. biofilms is scarce and often does not involve essential oils from Lavandula species [25]. However, using different plant-derived terpenoids, Raut et al obtained similar results [26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Chemical Characterization of Lavandula dentata Essential Oil Cultivated in Chile and Its Antibiofilm Effect against Candida albicans

et al. 2020

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Candida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen, and with the increase in resistance rates worldwide, it is necessary to search for new pharmacological alternatives. Lavandula dentata L. essential oil is recognized as having antimicrobial properties. However, its effect against fungal biofilms has been poorly described. C. albicans-related infections involve the development of biofilms, which are highly resistant to conventional antifungals. In this work, we evaluated the antibiofilm effect of L. dentata L. essential oil against C. albicans. First, we characterized the essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antifungal effect on C. albicans reference strains was evaluated by a disk diffusion assay and the minimal inhibitory concentration was obtained through a microdilution assay. The effect of the essential oil on the adhesion ability of C. albicans was determined through a crystal violet assay, and morphogenesis inhibition was assessed by light microscopy. The effect of the essential oil on the microarchitecture of biofilms was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the antibiofilm effect was evaluated through an adapted biofilm scratch assay and XTT viability assay. The main constituent of the essential oil was the monoterpenoid eucalyptol (60%). The essential oil presented minimal inhibitory concentrations of 156 and 130 µg/mL against two strains assayed. This minimal inhibitory concentration inhibited adhesion, morphogenesis, biofilm formation, altered microarchitecture, and decreased the viability of established biofilms formed on abiotic surfaces for both strains assayed. This study demonstrates that the essential oil from L. dentata could be a promising treatment against C. albicans biofilms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Chemical Characterization of Lavandula dentata Essential Oil Cultivated in Chile and Its Antibiofilm Effect against Candida albicans

et al. 2020

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“…Again, the combination of antifungal agents with different mechanisms of action can increase efficacy and extend the spectrum of activity of the combined agents leading to synergism [ 54 ]. Furthermore, combination of different antifungal compounds can also reduce toxicity by reducing doses and improve pharmacokinetic profiles of one or both agents [ 3 ]. Hence, we investigated the antifungal combination activity of the isolated compounds with fluconazole or voriconazole by the checkerboard microbroth dilution assay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This infection occurs due to the abnormal growth of Candida species in the mucous membrane of the female genital area with Candida albicans accounting for 85–90% of the fungal infection [ 2 ]. The condition can be recurrent and is associated with severe itching, dyspareunia and dysuria, vaginal discharge and vulvar erythema and oedema [ 3 ]. Although VVC is not life-threatening, it can lead to disruption of routine and daily social and occupational activities, neurological problems such as anxiety and depression, and even sexual complications [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive triterpenoids from Solanum torvum fruits with antifungal, resistance modulatory and anti-biofilm formation activities against fluconazole-resistant candida albicans strains

et al. 2021

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Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second most common vaginal infection that affects women of reproductive age. Its increased occurrence and associated treatment cost coupled to the rise in resistance of the causative pathogen to current antifungal therapies has necessitated the need for the discovery and development of novel effective antifungal agents for the treatment of the disease. We report in this study the anti-Candida albicans activity of Solanum torvum 70% ethanol fruit extract (STF), fractions and some isolated compounds against four (4) fluconazole-resistant strains of C. albicans. We further report on the effect of the isolated compounds on the antifungal activity of fluconazole and voriconazole in the resistant isolates as well as their inhibitory effect on C. albicans biofilm formation. STF was fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform (CHCl3) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) to obtain four respective major fractions, which were then evaluated for anti-C. albicans activity using the microbroth dilution method. The whole extract and fractions recorded MICs that ranged from 0.25 to 16.00 mg/mL. From the most active fraction, STF- CHCl3 (MIC = 0.25–1.00 mg/mL), four (4) known compounds were isolated as Betulinic acid, 3-oxo-friedelan-20α-oic acid, Sitosterol-3-β-D-glucopyranoside and Oleanolic acid. The compounds demonstrated considerably higher antifungal activity (0.016 to 0.512 mg/mL) than the extract and fractions and caused a concentration-dependent anti-biofilm formation activity. They also increased the sensitivity of the C. albicans isolates to fluconazole. This is the first report of 3-oxo-friedelan-20α-oic acid in the plant as well as the first report of betulinic acid, sitosterol-3-β-D-glucopyranoside and oleanolic acid from the fruits of S. torvum. The present study has demonstrated the anti-C. albicans activity of the constituents of S. torvum ethanol fruit extract and also shown that the constituents possess anti-biofilm formation and resistance modulatory activities against fluconazole-resistant clinical C. albicans isolates.

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“…The capacity of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae) EO (fennel oil) to eradicate 10 strains of C. albicans biofilms was studied by Bassyouni et al [ 131 ]. The MBEC 50 of fennel oil for eradicating the 18-h-old biofilm was 2- to 16-fold of MIC, in 7/10 tested strains.…”

Section: Reported Antibiofilm Activities Of Eos Propolis and Extracts From Plants Algae And Cyanobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Biofilms as a Valuable Target for the Discovery of Natural Products That Cope with the Resistance of Medically Important Fungi—Latest Findings

et al. 2021

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The development of new antifungal agents that target biofilms is an urgent need. Natural products, mainly from the plant kingdom, represent an invaluable source of these entities. The present review provides an update (2017–May 2021) on the available information on essential oils, propolis, extracts from plants, algae, lichens and microorganisms, compounds from different natural sources and nanosystems containing natural products with the capacity to in vitro or in vivo modulate fungal biofilms. The search yielded 42 articles; seven involved essential oils, two Brazilian propolis, six plant extracts and one of each, extracts from lichens and algae/cyanobacteria. Twenty articles deal with the antibiofilm effect of pure natural compounds, with 10 of them including studies of the mechanism of action and five dealing with natural compounds included in nanosystems. Thirty-seven manuscripts evaluated Candida spp. biofilms and two tested Fusarium and Cryptococcus spp. Only one manuscript involved Aspergillus fumigatus. From the data presented here, it is clear that the search of natural products with activity against fungal biofilms has been a highly active area of research in recent years. However, it also reveals the necessity of deepening the studies by (i) evaluating the effect of natural products on biofilms formed by the newly emerged and worrisome health-care associated fungi, C. auris, as well as on other non-albicans Candida spp., Cryptococcus sp. and filamentous fungi; (ii) elucidating the mechanisms of action of the most active natural products; (iii) increasing the in vivo testing.

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Fennel oil: A promising antifungal agent against biofilm forming fluconazole resistant Candida albicans causing vulvovaginal candidiasis

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Chemical Characterization of Lavandula dentata Essential Oil Cultivated in Chile and Its Antibiofilm Effect against Candida albicans

Chemical Characterization of Lavandula dentata Essential Oil Cultivated in Chile and Its Antibiofilm Effect against Candida albicans

Bioactive triterpenoids from Solanum torvum fruits with antifungal, resistance modulatory and anti-biofilm formation activities against fluconazole-resistant candida albicans strains

Fungal Biofilms as a Valuable Target for the Discovery of Natural Products That Cope with the Resistance of Medically Important Fungi—Latest Findings

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