Fenestrate Bryozoan Core Facies, Mississippian Bioherms, Southwestern United States

Pray, Lloyd C.

doi:10.1306/74d707d1-2b21-11d7-8648000102c1865d

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Study of thinsections revealed that the lower two-thirds of the Hachita formation does not contain any appreciable number of fenestrate bryozoans. This is in marked contrast to Pray's (1958) petrographic conclusions concerning the lower Osage crinoidal bioherms of the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico. He reported the framework of these bioherms to be fenestrate bryozoans.…”

Section: Lithologycontrasting

confidence: 97%

“…The early studies on these bioherms were done by Laudon andBowsher (1941, 1949) in the Sacramento and San Andres Mountains. Pray's (1958) detailed study in the Sacramento Mountains showed the biohermal cores to be of fenestrate bryozoans. It also demonstrated that some of the large bioherms may have risen 300 feet or more above the sea floor but probably did not grow into the vigorously agitated surface water.…”

Section: I S S I S S I P P I a N B I O H E R M Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Mississippian System in southwestern New Mexico, and adjacent southeastern Arizona

Armstrong¹

1962

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The Mississippian system was studied in western Cochise County, Arizona, and in Luna, Hidalgo, and Grant Counties, New Mexico. The primary concern was with the Osage through Meramec Escabrosa Limestone, its stratigraphy, paleoecology, and biologic contents. The Escabrosa Limestone is regarded as a group and has been divided into two formations. These are, in ascending order, the Keating Formation, and the Hachita Formation. The Escabrosa Group has a minimum thickness of 650 ft in the Peloncillo Mountains and a maximum thickness of 1,000 ft in the Big Hatchet Mountains of New Mexico. In the area of this report, it is primarily an encrinite with minor amounts of microcrystalline limestone. These sediments represent almost continuos deposition through all of Osage and Meramec time. The strata were deposited over a slowly sinking shelf area in shallow normal-marine waters.The corals, brachiopods, blastoids, and endothyrids collected from the Escabrosa Group are described and illustrated. The following new species were found: Chonetes klondikia, Unispirifer balki, Amplexizaphrentis sonoraensis, A. northropi, Vesiculophyllum sutherlandi, Lithostrotionella lochmanae, and Michelinia leptosphragma.The late Meramec to middle Chester Paradise Formation was studied and part of its brachiopod fauna described. The Paradise Formation is an alternating series of medium-bedded limestones and shales, with a maximum thickness of 220 ft in the Big Hatchet Mountains. It thins rapidly to the north and to the west, and is only about 80 ft thick in the eastern Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona. The Helms Formation of Chester age was studied in the Franklin Mountains and its coral fauna, including the new coral species Koninickphyllum elpasoensis, described.

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Section: Lithologycontrasting

confidence: 97%

Section: I S S I S S I P P I a N B I O H E R M Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Mississippian System in southwestern New Mexico, and adjacent southeastern Arizona

Armstrong¹

1962

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“…The Sacramento Mountains are renowned for Waulsortian mounds, which have been well‐documented (Ahr & Stanton, 1994; Dorobek & Bachtel, 2001; Kirkby & Hunt, 1996; Pray, 1958; Wu & Chafetz, 2002). Geometries vary from more tabular mounds updip, to more hemispherical mounds downdip.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Downdip mounds are up to 100 m thick, with >80 m synoptic relief (Hunt, 2000; Kirkby & Hunt, 1996). Waulsortian mound cores consist dominantly of clotted micrite and cement boundstone, with sparse allochems, such as fenestrate bryozoa and crinoids, and common syn‐sedimentary cavities (stromatactis; Figure 9A; Ahr & Stanton, 1994; Pray, 1958). Mound flanks consist of steeply dipping (commonly >30°) beds of rudstone, grainstone and packstone, with boundstone lithoclasts and common crinoid columnals and ossicles (Figure 9B); Zoophycos and Chondrites traces occur on the flanks (Kirkby et al, 2000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonate submarine fan deposits of the Mississippian Lake Valley Formation, Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico

Bishop

Bachtel²,

Thompson

et al. 2023

The Depositional Record

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Deepwater carbonate deposition is relatively poorly understood but an area of vigorous research in academia and industry, where these deposits are a significant component of many unconventional petroleum reservoirs. Recent studies of modern deepwater carbonates have highlighted the wide variety of depositional processes, sediment types and resultant geomorphology; however, well‐documented outcrops of ancient systems, their rock types and architecture are relatively sparse. The Mississippian Lake Valley Formation provides world‐class exposures of slope‐basinal carbonate deposits. The Tierra Blanca and Doña Ana members comprise submarine fans that are >14 to 20 km in length, >5 km wide, and exposed in strike and dip view, affording a unique opportunity to constrain the architecture, rock types and sedimentary processes. Tierra Blanca and Doña Ana sedimentation was dominated by crinoids shed from an up‐dip platform and supplemented by sediments sourced locally from Waulsortian mounds. Depositional processes include turbidity flows, debris flows and hybrid sediment‐gravity flows. The Tierra Blanca submarine fan thins towards its lateral flanks and distal fringe, where deposits become more mud‐dominated, gravelly grain‐supported flows are less common, and fewer beds have scoured bases. In proximal settings, bed tracing complemented by measured sections allow mapping of stratal surfaces and identification of stories, elements and complexes. The Tierra Blanca evolved from more unconfined to confined deposition. Point‐sourced deposition of the Tierra Blanca fan required a funnelling mechanism, likely due to bathymetry created by Waulsortian mounds or possibly a platform margin re‐entrant. Outcrop exposures illustrate that younger Doña Ana submarine fan deposits onlap onto, and compensationally stack with, the thickest portions of the antecedent Tierra Blanca fan. These outcrops illustrate both similarities and differences between carbonate and siliciclastic gravity flow deposits. Similarities include comparable deposit types, depositional processes and architecture; differences relate to hydrodynamics of carbonate grains, funnelling mechanisms for point‐sourced deposits and sequence stratigraphic forcing.

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“…Miller and Grayson 1972;Bridges and Chapman 1988), and USA (e.g. Pray 1958;Cotter 1965;Precht and Shepard 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the upper Visean mud mounds from Derbyshire (UK): the role of brachiopods in their growth

Carniti

Porta

Banks

et al. 2023

Facies

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Several brachiopod-rich mud mounds occur in the upper Visean (Brigantian) of the Derbyshire Carbonate Platform succession in UK. The re-evaluation of the lithofacies architecture of a Derbyshire mud mound complex, developed in an intraplatform middle-ramp environment, led to the recognition of three lithofacies associations: (a) a 10 m thick basal unit of automicrite boundstone with siliceous sponge spicules and brachiopod–bryozoan packstone to wackestone beds; (b) a 10 m thick, 250 m wide, lens-shaped, convex-up massive core of clotted peloidal micrite and fenestellid bryozoan boundstone with sponge spicules; (c) inclined brachiopod–bryozoan–crinoid packstone flank beds. In the mud mound complex core, most of the carbonate mud with clotted peloidal and structureless micrite fabric is the result of biologically induced and influenced in-situ precipitation processes (automicrite). Brachiopods are not, as previously thought, limited to storm-scoured “pockets” in the mud mound complex core but are abundant and diverse in all lithofacies and lived on the irregular mud mound complex surface concentrating in depressions sustained by automicrite boundstone and the growth of bryozoans and sponges. The upper Visean Derbyshire mud mounds are, thus, representatives of a newly defined fenestellid bryozoan–brachiopod–siliceous sponge mud mound category, occurring in various middle–upper Visean Western European sites, a sub-type of the fenestellid bryozoan–crinoid–brachiopod Type 3 buildups of Bridges et al. (1995). These mud mounds, and other types of brachiopod-rich buildups, developed in carbonate platform settings between fair-weather and storm wave base, in dysphotic environments with dispersed food resources during the Visean. Brachiopod mud mound colonisation was favoured by moderate water depth, availability of food resources, and diverse substrates.

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Fenestrate Bryozoan Core Facies, Mississippian Bioherms, Southwestern United States

Cited by 21 publications

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Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Mississippian System in southwestern New Mexico, and adjacent southeastern Arizona

Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Mississippian System in southwestern New Mexico, and adjacent southeastern Arizona

Carbonate submarine fan deposits of the Mississippian Lake Valley Formation, Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico

Revisiting the upper Visean mud mounds from Derbyshire (UK): the role of brachiopods in their growth

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