“…In addition to these, there are studies that focused on the perceptions , experiences (Bell & Linn, 2000;Driver, Newton & Osborne, 2000;Garcia-Mila & Andersen, 2008;Jimenez-Aleixandre, Rodriguez & Duschl, 2000;Kuhn, Black, Keselman & Kaplan, 2000;Sandoval, 2003;Sandoval & Millwood, 2005), views of students, teachers, and pre-service teachers (Aktamış & Atmaca, 2016;Hiğde & Aktamış, 2017;Namdar & Tuskan, 2018) regarding argumentation. Hiğde and Aktamış (2017) reported that thanks to argumentation, pre-service teachers could express their ideas, ensuring permanent and effective learning and encouraging them to do research and inquiries in spite of time constraints.…”