Femtosecond laser written optical waveguide amplifier in phospho-tellurite glass

Abstract

We report on the first demonstration of an optical waveguide amplifier in phospho-tellurite glass providing net gain at 1.5 μm. The device was fabricated using a high repetition rate femtosecond laser and exhibited internal gain across 100-nm bandwidth covering the entire C + L telecom bands.

Different refractive index change behavior in borosilicate glasses induced by 1 kHz and 250 kHz femtosecond lasers

“…Among these unique advantages of fs laser micromachining, one of important applications is 3D refractive index modification (positive or negative index change with isotropic or anisotropic properties) depending on the laser parameters [7,8]. It was capable and suitable for formation of waveguides, gratings, splitters, couplers, and optical amplifiers etc [1,[9][10][11] by using refractive index change inside glasses. However, the physical origin of the fs laser induced refractive index change (RIC) inside glass still has some controversies.…”

“…A recent study by Little et al [13] revealed that the mechanism of RIC induced by fs laser is depended on the irradiation conditions. There have been many investigations which focused on low repetition-rate regime fs laser (generally 1 kHz) induced RIC [1,[9][10][11][12][13]. However, the RIC induced by low repetition rate fs laser is small (generally about 10 −3 or 10 −4 ), optical elements e.g.…”

High‐Performance Integrated Optics with Tellurite Glasses: Status and Prospects

“…The first is to form the waveguide by processing a bulk glass substrate in some way so as to either increase the refractive index locally to form the core, or to decrease it around a region of untreated glass to form a lower index cladding. Methods of achieving these goals demonstrated in tellurite include UV direct write, femtosecond laser direct write, ion exchange, and ion implant …”

Raman spectroscopy of femtosecond laser written low propagation loss optical waveguides in Schott N-SF8 glass

“…Femtosecond laser microfabrication is a widely used technique to form optical circuits [1][2][3], microfluidic channels [4] or periodical patterns on the surface [5] of a great variety of materials. In particular, femtosecond laser pulses focused below the surface of a transparent material produce a highly localized and permanent change of the refractive index, through a nonlinear multiphoton absorption at the focal volume [6,7].…”