Femtosecond laser inscription of Bragg grating waveguides in bulk diamond

Bharadwaj, Vibhav; Courvoisier, Arnaud; Fernandez, Toney Teddy; Ramponi, Roberta; Galzerano, G.; Nunn, Joshua; Booth, Martin J.; Osellame, Roberto; Eaton, Shane M.; Salter, Patrick S.

doi:10.1364/ol.42.003451

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Narrow‐band reflectors enabling wavelength selective filtering are instrumental in quantum information, magnetometry, and Raman lasers . Femtosecond laser writing was used to inscribe Bragg grating waveguides in diamond with 1.3 µm pitch for a 4th order Bragg reflection at 1550 nm wavelength . A Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser with 1 kHz repetition rate was applied to write the type II waveguide.…”

Section: Photonic Components In Diamondmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum Micro–Nano Devices Fabricated in Diamond by Femtosecond Laser and Ion Irradiation

et al. 2019

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Diamond has attracted great interest as a quantum technology platform thanks to its optically active nitrogen vacancy (NV) center. The NV's ground state spin can be read out optically, exhibiting long spin coherence times of ≈1 ms even at ambient temperatures. In addition, the energy levels of the NV are sensitive to external fields. These properties make NVs attractive as a scalable platform for efficient nanoscale resolution sensing based on electron spins and for quantum information systems. Diamond photonics enhance optical interactions with NVs, beneficial for both quantum sensing and information. Diamond is also compelling for microfluidic applications due to its outstanding biocompatibility, with sensing functionality provided by NVs. However, it remains a significant challenge to fabricate photonics, NVs, and microfluidics in diamond. In this Progress Report, an overview is provided of ion irradiation and femtosecond laser writing, two promising fabrication methods for diamond‐based quantum technological devices. The unique capabilities of both techniques are described, and the most important fabrication results of color center, optical waveguide, and microfluidics in diamond are reported, with an emphasis on integrated devices aiming toward high performance quantum sensors and quantum information systems of tomorrow.

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Section: Photonic Components In Diamondmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photonic Components In Diamondmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Micro–Nano Devices Fabricated in Diamond by Femtosecond Laser and Ion Irradiation

et al. 2019

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“…Narrow band reflection elements in diamond allowing wavelength selective filtering are instrumental in quantum information [91], magnetometry [92] and Raman laser applications [93]. In a collaborative effort between the Salter and Eaton groups, femtosecond laser writing was applied to create Bragg grating waveguides in diamond [94]. A Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser operating at 1 kHz was used to write the type II waveguide employing an SLM.…”

Section: Femtosecond Laser Writing Of Advanced Photonic Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser written photonic and microfluidic circuits in diamond

et al. 2019

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Diamond has attracted great interest in the quantum optics community thanks to its nitrogen vacancy (NV) center, a naturally occurring impurity that is responsible for the pink coloration of some diamond crystals. The NV spin state with the brighter luminescence yield can be exploited for spin readout, exhibiting millisecond spin coherence times at ambient temperature. In addition, the energy levels of the ground state triplet of the NV are sensitive to external fields. These properties make NVs attractive as a scalable platform for efficient nanoscale resolution sensing based on electron spins and for quantum information systems. Integrated diamond photonics would be beneficial for optical magnetometry, due to the enhanced light-matter interaction and associated collection efficiency provided by waveguides, and for quantum information, by means of the optical linking of NV centers for long-range entanglement. Diamond is also compelling for microfluidic applications due to its outstanding biocompatibility, with sensing functionality provided by NV centers. Furthermore, laser written micrographitic modifications could lead to efficient and compact detectors of high energy radiation in diamond. However, it remains a challenge to fabricate optical waveguides, graphitic lines, NVs and microfluidics in diamond. In this Review, we describe a disruptive laser nanofabrication method based on femtosecond laser writing to realize a 3D micro-nano device toolkit for diamond. Femtosecond laser writing is advantageous compared to other state of the art fabrication technologies due to its versatility in forming diverse micro and nanocomponents in diamond. We describe how high quality buried optical waveguides, low roughness microfluidic channels, and on-demand NVs with excellent spectral properties can be laser formed in single-crystal diamond. We show the first integrated quantum photonic circuit in diamond consisting of an optically addressed NV for quantum information studies. The rapid progress of the field is encouraging but there are several challenges which must be met to realize future quantum technologies in diamond. We elucidate how these hurdles can be overcome using femtosecond laser fabrication, to realize both quantum computing and nanoscale magnetic field sensing devices in synthetic diamond.

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“…The basic operation of a Bragg grating can be seen in Figure 6.20. Generation of Ultrafast Laser Inscribed (ULI) gratings have been shown using highly complex techniques that rely on synchronization of an acousto-optic modulator and stage movements [85,86,87]. Figure 6.22, it can be seen that a Bragg reflector can be used as a mirror to reflect a certain wavelength.…”

Section: Bragg Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-IR Ultrafast Laser Inscribed Waveguides and Devices

McDaniel

Thorburn

Liebig

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference (RAPID)

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MID-IR ULTRAFAST LASER INSCRIBED WAVEGUIDES AND DEVICES Name: McDaniel, Sean A. University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. Gary Cook Ultrafast laser inscription (ULI) is a highly versatile technique for creating index modifications in glasses and crystalline materials. The process of ULI relies on ultrashort laser pulses focused inside of a material. The high intensity of the pulsed beam induces nonlinear absorption processes, which transfers the pulse energy to the material lattice. With careful experimental control of the laser parameters, a permanent change in the refractive can be obtained in the bulk material. The permanent refractive index change obtained by ULI can be used to create waveguides in active laser materials, such as Cr:ZnSe, Fe:ZnSe and Ho:YAG.Transition metal and rare-earth laser sources have been shown to operate over the 2 − 5 µm range. ULI can be used in conjunction with these materials to produce high power, guided-wave structures with reduced size, weight and power (SWaP) requirements. Power levels for Cr:ZnSe and Fe:ZnSe have been scaled to > 5 W and > 1 W respectively in ULI waveguide devices.Additionally, the first Ho:YAG ULI laser has been investigated, exhibiting output powers of ≈ 2 W .In addition to these advances, the theoretical limit for transition metal waveguide lasers was investigated. Transition metal lasers are highly sensitive to the operating temperature of the laser device. If the temperature increase induced in the sample is too high, phonon assisted transitions iii become dominant, thus decreasing the performance of the laser. Laser rate-equations and a thermal model for ULI waveguides were developed to establish a theoretical limit to ULI waveguide operation.Finally, several advancements were made with respect to creating ULI waveguides. An algorithm was developed for creating arbitrary ULI structures from computer generated models. The ability to create arbitrarily generated structures provides the ability to create complex structures using ULI, such as splitters, couplers, and photonic lanterns. Furthermore, a new helical inscription technique was devised for creating smooth index profiles and for creating Bragg structuring. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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Femtosecond laser inscription of Bragg grating waveguides in bulk diamond

Cited by 43 publications

References 22 publications

Quantum Micro–Nano Devices Fabricated in Diamond by Femtosecond Laser and Ion Irradiation

Quantum Micro–Nano Devices Fabricated in Diamond by Femtosecond Laser and Ion Irradiation

Femtosecond laser written photonic and microfluidic circuits in diamond

Mid-IR Ultrafast Laser Inscribed Waveguides and Devices

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