Femtosecond laser inscribed cladding waveguide lasers in Nd:LiYF4 crystals

Li, Shiling; Huang, Ze-Ping; Ye, Yongkai; Wang, Hailong

doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2018.01.003

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Several approaches have been used to fabricate waveguides in bulk crystals, such as ion implantation, ion exchange, metal-ion diffusion, and femtosecond laser-direct writing [3,[21][22][23][24]. Among these, femtosecond laser-direct writing has been recognized as a flexible, efficient, and three-dimensional (3D) precision fabrication technique by which 3D waveguide structures can be rapidly produced in crystals, glasses, and polymers [4,[25][26][27][28][29]. The focused femtosecond pulses in the crystals are absorbed through a nonlinear process within a short period, resulting in a localized refractive index (RI) modification of the focal volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond-laser-inscribed cladding waveguides in KTiOPO4 crystal for second-harmonic generation and Y-branch splitters

Li,

Song,

et al. 2024

Front. Phys.

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In this study, the fabrication of straight- and Y-branch-cladding waveguides in KTiOPO4 crystals using femtosecond laser-direct writing is described. The second-harmonic generation (SHG) of green light through the cladding waveguides was realized using a pulsed-wave pump at 1,064 nm. The guiding properties of straight-cladding waveguides fabricated by varying the laser-writing conditions were investigated. The minimum insertion loss was approximately 2.0 dB at 1,064 nm. Confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the lattice micro-modifications. The maximum SHG conversion efficiency of the straight-cladding waveguide reached 31.4% with a maximum output power of 79.29 mW from an input power of 252.6 mW. The performances of the Y-branch splitters with splitting angles ranging from 0.5° to 2.6° were characterized at 1,064 nm, showing excellent properties, including symmetrical output ends and approximately equal splitting ratios. An SHG conversion efficiency of 13.4% and maximum output power of 33.63 mW were achieved in the Y-branch splitter with a splitting angle of 1.0°. These findings support potential applications in constructing compact-frequency converters by using femtosecond laser-written KTiOPO4 depressed-cladding waveguides.

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