Femtosecond laser inscribed advanced calibration phantom for optical coherence tomography (OCT)

Abstract

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has developed rapidly and is widely used in different fields such as biomedicine and optometry. The characterization and calibration of OCT systems is essential when testing the system and during normal use to ensure that there is no misalignment or distortion that could affect clinical decisions. Imaging distortion is a significant challenge for OCT systems when viewing through non-planar surfaces. Here we present a new multipurpose plano-convex OCT phantom which is designed to be used for OCT characterization and calibration as well as to validate the post-processing algorithm for the imaging distortion of the OCT systems. A femtosecond laser direct writing technique is used to fabricate this phantom which consists of a landmark layer with radial lines at a 45-degree angular spacing inscribed at 50μm in apparent depth (AD) underneath the planar surface. Below that there are a further 8 layers of a spherical inscription pattern which has a 150μm (in AD) separation between each layer. The first spherical layer is located at 150μm (in AD) underneath the planar surface. Due to the laser power loss when travelling through the deeper layer, an increased power is applied to the deeper layers. The spherical pattern overcomes orientation issues seen with existing calibration phantoms. The landmark layer is applied so that it can easily tell the exact location when scanning which will also benefit the image distortion correction process.