Femtosecond laser induced structural changes in fluorozirconate glass

High slope efficiency and high refractive index change in direct-written Yb-doped waveguide lasers with depressed claddings

“…To reduce the PL in Yb:IOG10, future studies will include thermal annealing to smoothen the RI-profiles and the investigation of lower numbers of cladding modifications. Recently an investigation of the femtosecond laser induced structural changes in ZBLAN has been published [24]. A similar study with IOG10 can help to compare and understand the differences between both media in the future.…”

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

“…The diversity of material behaviour subject to femtosecond laser irradiation is large. For instance, ZBLAN, a fluorzirconate glass belonging to the halide glass family, shows a negative index change in the thermal as well as athermal regime [26,53] when using the transverse writing geometry. However, using longitudinal writing, a positive index change has also been reported in both fabrication regimes [54,55].…”

Waveguide fabrication in lithium-niobo-phosphate glasses by high repetition rate femtosecond laser: route to non-equilibrium material’s states

“…Change of chemical composition due to the diffusion [11] can result in much stronger optical parameters variation in comparison with the case of structural reorganization [12,13], which is more characteristic to low-repetition rate fs microfabrication. The structural rearrangements as a result of HRR fs laser inscription have also been observed in various glasses, for example in ZBLAN glass [14], where it was found that the rarefaction of the glass network decreased the material density and WGs demonstrate negative refractive index contrast. Local ions diffusion in bulk glass can be induced by laser ultrafast heating and highly localised melting of the material, at that the diffusion length and rate are determined by temperature gradient, time of treatment (e.g.…”