Femtoliter tunable optical cavity arrays

Dolan, Philip R.; Hughes, Gordon; Grazioso, Fabio; Patton, Brian; Smith, Jason M.

doi:10.1364/ol.35.003556

Cited by 96 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Microcavities suitable for photon BEC can be constructed using focussed ion beam milling to pattern the confining potential through the surface shape [86]. Notably, Ref.…”

Section: Which System Is Smaller?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bose-Einstein condensation of photons from the thermodynamic limit to small photon numbers

Nyman

Walker

2017

Journal of Modern Optics

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Photons can come to thermal equilibrium at room temperature by scattering multiple times from a fluorescent dye. By confining the light and dye in a microcavity, a minimum energy is set and the photons can then show Bose-Einstein condensation. We present here the physical principles underlying photon thermalization and condensation, and review the literature on the subject. We then explore the 'small' regime where very few photons are needed for condensation. We compare thermal equilibrium results to a rate-equation model of microlasers, which includes spontaneous emission into the cavity, and we note that small systems result in ambiguity in the definition of threshold. FOREWORDThis article is written in memory of Danny Segal, who was a colleague of one of us (Rob Nyman) in the Quantum Optics and Laser Science group at Imperial College for many years. The topic of this article touches on the subject of dye lasers, the stuff of nightmares for any AMO physicist of his generation, but a stronger connection to Danny is that he was very supportive of my application for the fellowship that pushed my career forward, and funded this research. One of Danny's quirks was a strong dislike of flying. As a consequence, I had the pleasure of joining him on a 24 hour, four-train journey from London to Italy to a conference. That's a lot of time for story telling and forging memories for life. Danny was one of the good guys, and I sorely miss his good humour and advice.This article presents a gentle introduction to thermalization and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of photons in dye-filled microcavities, followed by a review of the state of the art. We then note the similarity to microlasers, particularly when there are very few photons involved. We compare a simple non-equilibrium model for microlasers with an even simpler thermal equilibrium model for BEC and show that the models coincide for similar values of a 'smallness' parameter.

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“…Microcavities suitable for photon BEC can be constructed using focussed ion beam milling to pattern the confining potential through the surface shape [86]. Notably, Ref.…”

Section: Which System Is Smaller?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bose-Einstein condensation of photons from the thermodynamic limit to small photon numbers

Nyman

Walker

2017

Journal of Modern Optics

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“…In the following, we briefly summarize micro-machining approaches that have been used to fabricate hybrid-integrated cavities, with some emphasis on recent efforts aimed at the eventual monolithic integration of mirrors and cavities with other functional devices. [73], (b) a laser machined fiber end [12], (c) array of concave features made by FIB milling [11], (d) two silicon micro-mirrors fabricated by dry etching [74], (e) array of cantilever based micro-mirrors [75], (f) and a waveguide connected buckled-dome microcavity [16].…”

Section: Chip-based Fpcs For Cqedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to the high-field regions of the cavity mode, which resides primarily in the space between the mirrors. These factors have driven a significant effort towards the realization of microscale, curved-mirror FPCs, using techniques such as focused-ion-beam (FIB) milling [11] or laser ablation [12] to form the curved surfaces. A popular approach, which has the significant advantage of providing a built-in means for light-coupling, is to fabricate one or both mirrors on the end-face of a single-mode optical fiber [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-chip High-finesse Fabry-Perot Microcavities for Optical Sensing and Quantum Information

Bitarafan¹,

DeCorby²

2017

Preprint

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For applications in sensing and cavity-based quantum computing and metrology, openaccess Fabry-Perot cavities -with an air or vacuum gap between a pair of high reflectance mirrors -offer important advantages compared to other types of microcavities. For example, they are inherently tunable using MEMS-based actuation strategies, and they enable atomic emitters or target analytes to be located at high field regions of the optical mode. Integration of curved-mirror Fabry-Perot cavities on chips containing electronic, optoelectronic, and optomechanical elements is a topic of emerging importance. Micro-fabrication techniques can be used to create mirrors with small radius-of-curvature, which is a prerequisite for cavities to support stable, small-volume modes. We review recent progress towards chip-based implementation of such cavities, and highlight their potential to address applications in sensing and cavity quantum electrodynamics.

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“…Starting from flat Silica substrates from UQG Optics, we pattern one of them with a Focused Ion Beam (FIB) [30] in order to produce concave templates. Our fabrication method produces the desired shape with nanometric accuracy [28].…”

Section: Chip Design and Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral engineering of coupled open‐access microcavities

Flatten

Trichet

Smith

2015

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Open-access microcavities are emerging as a new approach to confine and engineer light at mode volumes down to the λ 3 regime. They offer direct access to a highly confined electromagnetic field while maintaining tunability of the system and flexibility for coupling to a range of matter systems. This article presents a study of coupled cavities, for which the substrates are produced using Focused Ion Beam milling. Based on experimental and theoretical investigation the engineering of the coupling between two microcavities with radius of curvature of 6 µm is demonstrated. Details are provided by studying the evolution of spectral, spatial and polarisation properties through the transition from isolated to coupled cavities. Normal mode splittings up to 20 meV are observed for total mode volumes around 10 × λ 3 . This work is of importance for future development of lab-on-a-chip sensors and photonic open-access devices ranging from polariton systems to quantum simulators.

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Femtoliter tunable optical cavity arrays

Cited by 96 publications

References 7 publications

Bose-Einstein condensation of photons from the thermodynamic limit to small photon numbers

Bose-Einstein condensation of photons from the thermodynamic limit to small photon numbers

On-chip High-finesse Fabry-Perot Microcavities for Optical Sensing and Quantum Information

Spectral engineering of coupled open‐access microcavities

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