Femtocell networks: a survey

Abstract

The surest way to increase the system capacity of a wireless link is by getting the transmitter and receiver closer to each other, which creates the dual benefits of higher quality links and more spatial reuse. In a network with nomadic users, this inevitably involves deploying more infrastructure, typically in the form of microcells, hotspots, distributed antennas, or relays. A less expensive alternative is the recent concept of femtocells-also called home base-stations-which are data access points installed by home users to get better indoor voice and data coverage. In this article, we overview the technical and business arguments for femtocells, and describe the state-of-the-art on each front. We also describe the technical challenges facing femtocell networks, and give some preliminary ideas for how to overcome them.

Downlink multiuser beamforming and power control for base stations empowered by renewable energy

“…The energy causality constraint refers to the fact that energy cannot be expended before it stored into the batter and the battery storage constraint refers to the fact that the amount of energy stored in the battery cannot exceed the maximum battery capacity, denoted by B max . Let [t] be the energy arrival at the beginning of the t-th time slot and let B in [t] be the corresponding amount of energy actually stored into the battery 1 …”

“…In recent years, small cell networks [1] have emerged as a promising solution to meet the increasing demand for high throughput and high date-rate wireless communications. However, the exponential increase in data traffic is accompanied by a rapid increase in energy and environmental costs [2].…”

Interference Shaping for Improved Quality of Experience for Real-Time Video Streaming

“…It is assumed that the variation in wireless capacity on the timescale of display slots is only due to interference (as channel gains are assumed to be fixed) and if this is not the case PLR would decrease with rate scaling but without going down to zero. However, as pointed out in [26] data rate variations in dense wireless networks are usually due to interference rather than short term channel fluctuations that can be compensated for by power control.…”

Femtocell Coverage Optimisation Using Statistical Verification

“…They are low cost and low power devices that are normally installed by consumers in homes for better indoor mobile voice and data reception [3,5]. A femtocell can be considered as a wireless cellular access point, which transfers data traffic through the home broadband connection to the operator's core network.…”