Femoral strain during walking predicted with muscle forces from static and dynamic optimization

Edwards, W. Brent; Miller, Ross H.; Derrick, Timothy R.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.03.007

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…a lower BMD as present in an osteoporotic population, would exhibit higher strains due to the lower elastic modulus compared to a healthy population and may therefore alter our results. Alternatively, BMD of cadaveric samples could have been used [ 16 , 35 , 46 ]. However, given the frailty of these donors, material properties would not have been representative for the more active elderly population which are likely to have an influence on the BMD and material properties due to a more frequent mechanical loading.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ranking of osteogenic potential of physical exercises in postmenopausal women based on femoral neck strains

et al. 2018

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The current study aimed to assess the potential of different exercises triggering an osteogenic response at the femoral neck in a group of postmenopausal women. The osteogenic potential was determined by ranking the peak hip contact forces (HCFs) and consequent peak tensile and compressive strains at the superior and inferior part of the femoral neck during activities such as (fast) walking, running and resistance training exercises. Results indicate that fast walking (5–6 km/h) running and hopping induced significantly higher strains at the femoral neck than walking at 4 km/h which is considered a baseline exercise for bone preservation. Exercises with a high fracture risk such as hopping, need to be considered carefully especially in a frail elderly population and may therefore not be suitable as a training exercise. Since superior femoral neck frailness is related to elevated hip fracture risk, exercises such as fast walking (above 5 km/h) and running can be highly recommended to stimulate this particular area. Our results suggest that a training program including fast walking (above 5 km/h) and running exercises may increase or preserve the bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ranking of osteogenic potential of physical exercises in postmenopausal women based on femoral neck strains

et al. 2018

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“…Nevertheless, several combinations of muscle forces can produce the same net joint moment and also the passive structures such as the ligaments can contribute to the net joint moment [ 55 , 58 ]. Future studies may build on the present work and use the advantages of musculoskeletal modeling [ 10 , 92 – 95 ] to analyze the effect of the postural changes on the muscle force and consequently the locomotor costs [ 7 , 9 , 96 , 97 ] and loading of the bones [ 98 – 101 ]. Also, complex gait modeling approaches [ 95 ] may explore the function of the detected relationship between body size and locomotor posture by determining which optimization parameters fit best the relationship detected here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body size and lower limb posture during walking in humans

Hora¹,

Soumar²,

Pontzer³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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We test whether locomotor posture is associated with body mass and lower limb length in humans and explore how body size and posture affect net joint moments during walking. We acquired gait data for 24 females and 25 males using a three-dimensional motion capture system and pressure-measuring insoles. We employed the general linear model and commonality analysis to assess the independent effect of body mass and lower limb length on flexion angles at the hip, knee, and ankle while controlling for sex and velocity. In addition, we used inverse dynamics to model the effect of size and posture on net joint moments. At early stance, body mass has a negative effect on knee flexion (p < 0.01), whereas lower limb length has a negative effect on hip flexion (p < 0.05). Body mass uniquely explains 15.8% of the variance in knee flexion, whereas lower limb length uniquely explains 5.4% of the variance in hip flexion. Both of the detected relationships between body size and posture are consistent with the moment moderating postural adjustments predicted by our model. At late stance, no significant relationship between body size and posture was detected. Humans of greater body size reduce the flexion of the hip and knee at early stance, which results in the moderation of net moments at these joints.

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“…Increasing the amount of bone present, rather than increasing mineralization, may be the biologically efficient means of accommodating bending loads. Femoral and tibial midshafts have been shown to have the highest principal strains during walking or running in humans [41,42], which supports the notion that the diaphysis requires allometric growth to minimize fracture risk. However, the degree to which bone is programmed at birth to be focally more adaptive based on genetics remains to be shown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Murine bone properties and their relationship to gait during growth

Song

Polk

Kersh

2018

Preprint

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Allometric relationships have been queried over orders of mammals to understand how bone accommodates the mechanical demands associated with increasing mass. However, less attention has been given to the scaling of bone within a single lifetime. We aimed to determine if bone morphology and apparent density is related to (1) bending and compressive strength, and (2) gait dynamics. Longitudinal in vivo computed tomography and gait data were collected from female rats (n=5, age 8 -20 weeks). Cross sectional properties and apparent density were measured at the diaphysis, distal, and proximal regions of the tibia and scaling exponents were calculated. Finite-element models were used to simulate four-point bending and axial compression using time-specific ground reaction forces (GRF) to calculate the mean strain energy density (SED) at the midshaft. Second moment of area at the diaphysis followed strain similarity based allometry, while bone area was positively allometric. The average SED at the diaphysis decreased, especially after the age of 10 weeks (R 2 =0.99), while it increased in compression (R 2 =0.96). The apparent density in all regions initially increased and converged by 11 weeks of age and this was correlated with changes in joint angle. The scaling analyses implies that rodent tibia is (re)modeled in order to sustain bending at the midshaft during growth. The finite element results and relatively constant density after 10 weeks of age indicate that structural parameters may be the primary determinant of bone strength in the growing rodent tibia. The correlations between bone properties and joint angles imply that the changes in posture may affect bone growth in specific regions.

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Femoral strain during walking predicted with muscle forces from static and dynamic optimization

Cited by 32 publications

References 46 publications

Ranking of osteogenic potential of physical exercises in postmenopausal women based on femoral neck strains

Ranking of osteogenic potential of physical exercises in postmenopausal women based on femoral neck strains

Body size and lower limb posture during walking in humans

Murine bone properties and their relationship to gait during growth

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